Volume 6, Issue 4, April 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 4, April 2015.

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Obstacle detection algorithm based on stereoscopic images A navigation aid system for the visually impaired[ ]


This article presents an algorithm for stereoscopic image processing taken by the same camera in a real environment and considering two shifted captures. The aim of this treatment is to extract two important informational data about the environment: the distance separating the obstacles from the camera and their sizes. The depth calculation of an obstacle is performed by exploiting the disparity map between two considered stereoscopic images. This disparity is estimated by using the Block Matching program implemented in Matlab. In order to obtain an accurate and fast result, improvements are added to this estimation by combining "sub-pixel accuracy", "dynamic programming" and "the pyramid image technique". Finally, the determined disparity, associated with the camera calibration data, allowed us to obtain a precise estimation of the depth. The obstacle size is obtained by using the established calibration curve, giving the proportionality between the surface in pixels² of the image of object, and its real surface in m², according to the depth of the object. The tests performed in a real environment based on the elaborated algorithm give the results about the obstacle depth and its size. Tests results are completely similar to the experimental data.

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Microbiological Investigation of Piper Chaba Hunter[ ]


The Piperaceae is a family of flowering plants. It is a tropical family of five genera and 500 species which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Stem and leaves were successively extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Antimicrobial investigations of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extract were carried out. All these extract showed mild to moderate activities against a number of gram positive and gram negative bacteria except shigella dysenteriae. Extracts of piper chaba stem and leaves were tested over six fungi. Viz; Aspergillus fumugatous, Mucor, Penicillium sp, Human sp, Aspergillus nigar and Havous. The extracts under examination exhibited no activity against the fungal strains.

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Sub-Acute Toxicological Studies on Malic Acid-Butane-1, 4-Diol-Glycerol Co-Polyester[ ]


Malic acid butane-1, 4-diol-glycerol co-polyester (MBGC) is synthesized from malic acid and butane-1, 4-diol with 5% glycerol of total weight as a crosslinking agent using Dean-Stark apparatus with ferric chloride (Approximately 0.4% of the total weight) as catalyst and o-xylene as the reaction medium at temperature 137-141° C for about 5 hours. The sub-acute toxicity of MBGC is studied on wistar rats. The studies included the gross observation such as changes in body weight, haematological profiles, biochemical parameter of blood and histopathology of liver, kidney, heart, lungs and spleen of diet control group, vehicle control group and also experimental group of rats. The changes in body weight, haematological and biochemical parameters are statistically insignificant after administration of MBGC in a dose of 300 µg/rat/day intraperitoneally for consecutive 21 days when compared to that of diet control group, vehicle control group and experimental group of rats. Histopathologically no abnormality is found on liver, kidney, heart, lungs and spleen of experimental group of rats after treatment when compared to that of control group of rats. This preliminary study suggests that, MBGC can be safely subjected to clinical trial for specialized application such as control release drug formulation, granular pesticides, fertilizers etc. and other purposes where biodegradable polymers be needed.

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An empirical investigation on the impact of EU integration on trade flows of Albania[ ]


Free trade agreements are an instrument to foster trade exchange, in particular important to expand export potentials and ease import regimes. The trade volume of Albania has increased constantly after 90’s. Albanian Exports’ performance during 2007-2013 was better compared to that of imports. Trade openness index has also improved, while trade deficit showed signals of shrinking. However, these dynamics cannot be fully explained by the setting of the free trade agreements. Using annual data for the period 2001-2013 on 22 major trade partners of Albania, this study aims to investigate the impact of free trade agreements on the imports and exports of the country, and provide policy recommendations on how to exploit the trade potentials of the country. The empirical methodology comprises fixed and random effects estimation of the gravity model. The results indicate that the random effect is preferred to the fixed effects model, although standard errors have to be corrected for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation both in the exports and imports models, and for cross-sectional dependence in the case of exports. The estimation results indicate that our findings confirm the theoretical grounds of the gravity model, but free trade agreements are not significant determinants of bilateral trade flows of Albania.

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Sequential Division Circuit Using Reversible Logic Gates[ ]


Quantum computer is a computation device that incorporates quantum mechanical phenomena distinctively to perform operation on data in terms of superposition & entanglement. In contrast to traditional computer where data is represented by means of bits, Q.C makes use of Quantum bits (qubits)for data representation [12]. There are several reasons that researchers are working so hard to develop a practical quantum computer. First, atoms change energy states very quickly -- much more quickly than even the fastest computer processors. Next, given the right type of problem, each qubit can take the place of an entire processor -- meaning that 1,000 ions of say, barium, could take the place of a 1,000-processor computer. The key is finding the sort of problem a quantum computer is able to solve.

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Iris Normalization using Circular Masking[ ]


Iris recognition is one of the most accurate biometric methods in use today. In present biometric identification systems iris is taking too much attention because of its reliable and secure identification measures. Regular iris recognition systems capture an image from an individual's eye. This iris image is then segmented and normalized for feature extraction process. The performance of any iris recognition systems highly depends on segmentation and normalization. For instance, even an effective feature extraction method would not be able to obtain useful information from an iris image that is not segmented or normalized properly. The proposed method uses circular masking technique for iris normalization and the results obtained are satisfactory compared to regular iris normalization techniques. Here we use CASIA V1 database for the proposed work and is implemented using OpenCV built-in library functions on Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 IDE.

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Design And Implementation Of An Efficient Single Precision Floating Multiplier Using Vedic Multiplication[ ]


This paper contains design of a single precision floating point multiplier by modifying the proposed architecture[6] and then comparing the different floating point multiplier architecture for the various performance parameters. The designs are modeled in Verilog HDL and synthesized based on the TSMC 180nm standard cell library. Comparisons are based on the synthesis result obtained by synthesizing all the multiplier using Cadence Encounter RTL Compiler .

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Design of a High Speed Adder[ ]


In this paper we have compared different addition algorithms such as Ripple Carry Adder, Carry Save Adder, Carry Select Adder, Carry Look Ahead Adder & Kogge Stone Adder for different performance parameters i.e. Area Utilization, Speed of operation and Power Consumption. A high speed Adder is then designed by merging Kogge Stone & Carry Select Algorithms. The circuits have been designed using Verilog HDL & Synthesize using TSMC 180 nm standard cell. The performance parameters are obtained with the help of Cadence Encounter RTL Compiler.

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A brief study to increase rice fertility in Plains[ ]


A deep study in the growth of rice production with fertile is necessary to satisfy the day to day food needs of the peoples in India. The automatic and systematic approach is necessary to increase the production and fertility of the soil in order to satisfy the people’s food consumption with good quality. To improve the production the potassium content, nitrogen content and phosphorus content has to be measured to improve the quality and high production of rice in plains.

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MODELLING OF GAS TURBINE AND GAS TURBINE EXHAUST AND ITS UTILISATION AS COMBINED CYCLE IN UTILITY SYSTEM[ ]


Due to increasing demand for energy and unstable and continuous increase in cost of fossil fuel, attention has been shifted from the traditional power plants to energy generation using gas turbines because of the availability and low cost of its fuel. This led to the need for proper understanding of the gas turbine performance and how the energy from gas turbine can be optimally utilized. Many authors have worked on the modeling of gas turbine performance and optimal utilization of its energy output but they rarely consider different gas turbine configurations and how the configurations can be integrated into utility system. This work will therefore focus on modeling gas turbine and gas turbine exhaust using Aspen HYSYS, taking into account different possible configurations. The objective is to model different configurations of gas turbine maximizing the energy output usage (both power and heat) in a utility system using combined cycle. The results obtained shows that different configuration of gas turbine gives better result compared to simple gas turbine. The improvement is so prevalent most especially if it is integrated with utility system by generating high pressure steam in heat recovery steam generator to be used in steam turbine in form of combined cycle. Better performance of the gas turbine in combined cycle is obtained if multiple steam pressure level is generated in the heat recovery steam generator.

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HOME RANGE OF KEYSTONE MAMMALS AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF THEIR ECOSYSTEM: AFI MOUNTAIN WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, BOKI, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA[ ]


The line transect survey method was adopted to study the home range of mammals and conservation status of this ecosystem by following transect routes and trails of animals. The sampling technique adopted was stratified random sampling done by the survey of 30 transect routes in which accessibility was not made impossible by terrain. The total sample area was 6.2 km2 (30 transects of 2000 m length x 100m width) which represented 6.2 % sampling intensity of the total forest area of about 100km2. This technique was adopted in order to cover the entire home range of the species. Ten surveys were carried out in all. Conservation status was carried out by patrolling and monitoring the frequency of sighting of illegal exploiters and discovery of indices such as carbide dumps, snares, traps, as well as bullets shells which are signs of illegal hunting. The home range of Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes ; Gorillas, Gorilla gorill; and Drill monkey Mandrillus leucophaeus; based on the faecal droppings and food residues found were 60%, 66.7% and 70% respectively. The home range for Mona monkey, Cercopithecus mona; Putty nosed monkey, Cercopithecus nictitans; and Red eared monkey, Cercopithecus erythrotis; were 70%, 70% and 70% respectively. Senegal galago, Galago senegalensis; Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola ; Bay duiker, Cephalophus dorsalis and Yellow backed duiker, Cephalophus silvicultor, were 73.3%, 66.7%, 66.7% and 63.3% respectively . Red river hog, Potamochoerus porcus; Buffalo, Syncerus caffer; Rock hyrax,Procavia capensis, exploited a home range of 63.3%, 56.7% and 80% respectively. The indices of conservation status of this ecosystem indicated that the number of guns confiscated, bullet shells found and carbide dumps seen were 5, 19, and 17, respectively. The number of traps and snares found were 14 and 32 respectively. The number of poachers and illegal loggers seen were 8 and 15 respectively.

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Geoinformatic Approach for Watershed Characterization in Kasari Basin of Maharashtra, India[ ]


The quantitative investigation of morphometric parameters has got immense importance not only in river basin evaluation but also in soil and water conservation and natural resources management at micro watershed level. In view of that present research aims to evaluate morphometric parameters viz linear, areal and relief features of Kasari watershed by using geospatial techniques. The Kasari river is a major tributary of Panchganga river in mega Krishna basin covers an area of about 630.64 Km2 located in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra. Standard methods of Strahler’s, Horton’s, Miller’s, Chorley’s and Schumm’s were applied to examine linear, aerial and relief morphometric characteristics. The results reveals that higher potential of soil erosion is possibly observed in sub basins of KS1, KS4, KS5 and KS7 respectively and priority should be given to them in order to conservation and management of soil and water resource.

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POSSIBILITIES OF VEGETABLE OILS AS BASE OILS FOR AUTOMOBILE SHOCK ABSORBER FLUIDS[ ]


Mineral - base damper oils predominantly in use are of good performance, but non-regenerative, environmentally unfriendly and often scarce or expensive as a result of difficulties and cost of exploration and processing. Chemo-physical properties (acidity level, specific gravity, viscosity at 400C and at 1000C, viscosity index, pour point, and flash point) of groundnut oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and soya oil as damping fluids were experimentally investigated to see their suitability as alternative shock absorber fluids. The acidity levels of the oils were suitable, being below 10mgKOH/g - the maximum for lubricant, although coconut oil has total acid number as 6.70mgKOH/g. They have suitable viscosities for light and medium duty dampers; flash points, all above 1450C-the minimum from standard; viscosity indices well above 170; and pour points suitable at least for tropical region when treated with pour point depressant.

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Twitter Sentiment Analysis: A Review[ ]


The basic knowledge required to do sentiment analysis of Twitter is discussed in this review paper. Sentiment Analysis can be viewed as field of text mining, natural language processing. Thus we can study sentiment analysis in various aspects. This paper presents levels of sentiment analysis, approaches to do sentiment analysis, methodologies for doing it, and features to be extracted from text and the applications. Twitter is a microblogging service to which if sentiment analysis done one has to follow explicit path. Thus this paper puts overview about tweets extraction, their preprocessing and their sentiment analysis.

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OPTIMIZATION OF AES ALGORITHM USING HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE[ ]


In today’s world, security is very fundamental and significant issues of data transmission. Technology advancement is occurring daily in order to find a new cryptographic algorithm. Data security is concerned with the areas of data transmission. Recent advancements in cryptography has led to new techniques called Gray code based cryptography and Quantum Cryptography. In existed AES method is well suited for security applications. In our proposed system we improve the performance of the system we propose Triple AES based gray key cryptography. The XMEGA AES Crypto Module implements the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and can perform encryption and decryption. In our new proposed implementation provides better and faster results in environment, hence data security is high.

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SECURING THE CORPORATE NETWORK USING EIGRP IPV6 ADDRESSING AND PASSIVE INTERFACE[ ]


EIGRP is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) designed for routing within a single administrative domain or autonomous system (AS). It is a classless protocol which means each route entry in an update includes a subnet mask as well. The subnet masks sent with each route in updates may be of different length. This feature is called variable-length subnet 0masking and it allows for subnetting as well as address aggregation or summarization. EIGRP packets can also be optionally authenticated using an MD5 checksum, if authentication is configured. EIGRP uses the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to achieve fast convergence while remaining loop-free at all times. EIGRP updates are not sent at regular intervals; rather, updates are sent only when a metric or topology change takes place. Also, the updates will include only routes that have changed and not every entry in the routing table. In other words, EIGRP updates are both non-periodic and partial in contrast to other distance vector protocols like Routing Information Protocol (RIP). You may recall that RIP sends updates at regular intervals and includes all routes in the routing table in every update. These characteristics mean that EIGRP uses much less bandwidth than other distance vector protocols, a feature that is especially useful on low-bandwidth Wide Area Network (WAN) links.

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Microstrip Patch Antenna Parameters, Feeding Techniques and Shape of the Patch - A Survey[ ]


The wireless communication is revaluating rapidly in recent years. So, as per the comparative study of the different types of antennas, microstrip patch antenna is having more advantages.

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Optimal Injection Time and Parametric Study on Gas Condensate Recovery[ ]


A study on optimal injection time and parametric evaluation on gas condensate recovery is presented. Gas-condensate wells experience a significant decrease in gas productivity once the flowing bottom-hole pressure drops below the dew-point pressure. Gas recycling is a known method of remedying this problem and improving recovery. However, there is still a lack of understanding on how the gas re-injection affects the deliverability because of the complex phase and flow behaviors. The difficulty of understanding the phase and flow behaviors lies in the variation of the composition due to the existence of two-phase flow and the relative permeability effect, which brings about a change in saturation and phase properties of the fluids. These effects will impact the mobility, in turn productivity and hence the viability of a gas recycling project. This work studied the impact of relative permeability and critical condensate saturation on the flow behavior of the gas-condensate system under a gas cycling scheme, through reservoir simulations and a series of optimization, using experimental designs.

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Design and Implementation of SSVEP based BCI Using a Canonical Correlation Analysis[ ]


Using steady-state visually evoked potential in brain-computer interface (BCI) system is the subject of a lot of research. SSVEP signals are used as basis for brain-computer interface because of its reliability, high information transfer rate, minimal training and flexibility. Canonical correlation analysis is one of the new emerging method, which seems to have some processing improvement and advantages compared to traditional SSVEP detection method, like better signal to noise ratio (SNR), lower harmonic frequencies, i.e. a series of frequencies which has same fundamental frequencies.

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Complete reliability, Chunk authentication, and Dynamic address reconfiguration feature implementation in SCTP[ ]


The core SCTP protocol, including the extensions for partial reliability, partial chunk authentication, and dynamic address reconfiguration. The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a general-purpose transport layer protocol providing a service similar to TCP — plus a set of advanced features to utilize the enhanced capabilities of modern IP networks and to support increased application requirements. While SCTP was standardized as an RFC several years ago, there is still significant ongoing work within the IETF to discuss and standardize further features in the form of protocol extensions. In this paper, we first introduce the SCTP base protocol and already standardized extensions. After that, we focus on the ongoing SCTP standardization progress in the IETF and give an overview of activities and challenges in the areas of security and concurrent multipath transport. In this we are going to implement the complete/full reliability of messages and also the chunk authentication and dynamic address configuration will also be improved.

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CPW-Fed Parasitically Loaded Circular Disc Monopole Anenna for WLAN Applications[ ]


A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed parasitically loaded circular disc monopole antenna is presented and its performance analyzed in this paper. The proposed antenna comprises of straight strips, a parasitic circular patch and a slotted CPW ground plane for wireless local area networks (WLAN) applications.

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Merging and Designing Biomedical devices with Telecommunication, for Creating Tele Pulse Oxi-meter[ ]


Hypoxia is a critical symptoms of many series chronic disease, it is manifested as lowering the blood oxygen levels. If left unchecked it may lead to life threatening condition. Many devices have been developed over the years to monitor hypoxia. However, most of them lacked portability, security, wireless connection and the ability to communicate with patient’s computer and their doctors in case of emergency. This project aim to survey several designs for pulse oximeter and then transforming them into a telemedicine device. The device created was shown to have the same accuracy and precision as any marketed instrument when tested on patients. In addition, it was programed on an e health shield and then Arduino Uno. The created and programed platform could store patient’s data and connect to the computer to download the collected data. An extra connectivity wireless module was added to allow internet connection for Mobile health connectivity. Such connection make it possible for data to be sent to doctors and distributed within the hospital using UWB. Thus providing a superior health care.

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Design and Automation of IGBT Test Fixture Using PLC[ ]


This paper describes about the construction of the IGBT test fixture for the analysis of various characteristics parameters. To accomplish with this we have implied the knowledge of PLC (Programmable logic controller) as automation for the real time processes. The choice of PLC is made as it provides the superior reliability and contribution towards the quality and performance for the test process. IGBT tester is designed in a controlled environment to maintain the performance and accuracy of the measurement system. This system is designed to provide a precise contact between the IGBT and Test Circuit for the different static parameters of IGBT.

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Energy Simulation in Buildings[ ]


This section outlines the history of building energy analysis simulation as it pertains to the work done at the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). The section titled, History of SERI Validation Work summarizes the factors we considered when choosing which simulations to validate.

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