Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Fertilizer Industrial Waste Water Using Rice Husk (RH) and Groundnut Husk (GH) Powder in a Packed Bed Bioreactor[Full-Text ]
Nzelibe H.C., Ibrahim K.L.C

Groundnut husk (GH) and Rice husk (RH) were used as adsorbents to remove Mn2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions from fertilizer industrial waste water. Continuous adsorption experiment was conducted to examine the effect of adsorbent mass, pH, temperature and adsorbent combination on adsorption of Mn2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ from fertilizer industrial waste water. The results showed that the adsorption of the metal ions was adsorbent mass, pH, and temperature dependent. The optimum adsorbent mass was 60g, optimum pH was pH 5 and pH 6 and optimum temperature was 60oC for adsorption of heavy metal ions. The Langmuir biosorption isotherm provided the best fit for sorption of Mn2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ using groundnut husk as indicated by their correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998, 0.676 and 0.297 while the freundlich biosorption isotherm had the best fit using rice husk as indicated by their correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.332, 0.041 and 0.556 for Mn(II), Zn(II) and Pb (II) respectively. The study also showed that groundnut husk and rice husk can be efficiently used as low cost alternative for removal of Mn2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Planning, Analysis & Design of Hospital Building Using Staad Prov8i[Full-Text ]
Dr. Ashok kumar N, Navaneethan M, Naviya B, Gopala krishnan D, Atun Roy Choudhury

The main aim of paper is to analyze the plan of hospital building by using software techniques. The design of hospital building should be developed with following disciplinary activities. The design was followed up by using IS (Indian standard) codes for better output of design considerations. Here the hospital building was designed and analyzed for G+3 storey structure. Nowadays, the software techniques were highly involved in a construction field for quick and better accuracy of an analysis report to execute the given project successfully. The most prominent using software for design and analysis of the respective buildings by STAAD.PRO software for accuracy and safety regards. In this paper, STAAD.PRO V8i has been used for designing and analysis purposes mainly for the reult of shear force and maximum bending moment. RCC detailing is important for clear in executing the reinforcement work on the site without any complexity

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SYNTHESIS OF 2,3-O,O-DIBENZYL-L-ASCORBICACID[Full-Text ]
Pradeep Kumar Swain, Rama S.Lokhande, Madhumita Bhattacharjee

L-Ascorbic acid derivatives was synthesized on treatment with acetone and acetyl chloride afforded 5,6-ketal of L-ascorbic acid then debenzylation of C-2&C-3 hydroxyl groups of the lactone ring was accomplished using K2CO3 and benzyl bromide in DMF. And then Deblocking of the 5,6-O,O-protected derivative of L-Ascorbic acid with acetic acid and methanol gave 2,3-O,O-Dibenzyl-L-Ascorbic acid. All the structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass Spectroscopy.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RECTIFICATION OF DEFECTS IN CYLINDER FRAME CASTING[Full-Text ]
Rashid M P, Mohammed Jaseem N K, Muhammed Mubarak T, Muhammed Afsal K P, Mohammed Hisham E K, Sarath N

Casting is a process which carries risk of failures occurrence during all the process of accomplishment of the finished product. Hence necessary action should be taken while manufacturing of cast product so that defect free parts are obtained.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Integrated Software Management and Product Engineering: The Nigerian Case Study[Full-Text ]
Aregbesola, Moses Kehinde

Integrated Software Management (ISM) and Software Product Engineering (SPE) are the two key process areas (KPA) of interest in the current study. They are both at the defined level of software process maturity.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Characterization of crude proteases of Bacillus subtilisEFRL 01[Full-Text ]
Abdul Sattar Qureshi, Imrana Khushk, Yusuf Chisti, Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto, Altaf Ahmed Simiar and Muhammad Umar Dahot

The extracellular proteases produced by Bacillus subtilis EFRL01 were characterized for possible use in industry. The bacterium was grown for 8 h without pH control at 45 ï‚°C in an inexpensive medium that consisted of molasses, peptone and sodium chloride. The supernatant of the fermentation broth was used as the crude protease preparation. The crude preparation was broadly active against a variety of proteins. Optimal pH and temperature for activity were 8.5 and 50 ï‚°C, respectively. The enzyme preparation was quite stable at up to 60 ï‚°C. At optimal temperature, the enzyme was stable in the pH range of 7.5 to 9.5. The enzyme was activated by Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+, but inhibited by Ag2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+. Metal ion chelating agents suppressed enzyme activity relative to control, but the enzyme was not particularly sensitive to the presence of the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. In conclusion, B. subtilis EFRL01 can be used to produce inexpensive pH- and heat-stable proteases for possible commercial use in detergents and leather processing.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Experimental Investigation of Molecular Interactions of Piroxicam and Tenoxicam in mixture of solvents by Ultrasonic Studies[Full-Text ]
Padma S. There, Sunanda Aswale, Sachin Zade, Shashikant Aswale

Ultrasonic velocity and density of binary liquid mixture is useful in understanding physico-chemical behavior of liquid mixture. The ultrasonic velocity and other related acoustical parameters provide useful information regarding the structure of molecules, molecular order, molecular packing, inter and intra molecular interactions. The study of molecular interaction in liquids provides valuable information regarding internal structure, molecular association and complex formation etc. Ultrasonic velocity and density measurement of Piroxicam and Tenoxicam were carried out by using mixture of water-Acetone in ratio 1:1 and pure Acetone at different frequencies for investigating solute-solvent interactions. The data obtained during this study is used for determining the most significant acoustic parameters like adiabatic compressibility (βs), apparent molar compressibility (ɸk) and specific acoustic impedance (Z). These parameters have been used to explore the interactions between Piroxicam and Tenoxicam in acetone and in mixture of Acetone:water (1:1). The present studies investigated that there is presence of molecular interaction in binary liquid system. It may be due to hydrogen bonding through highly polar lone pair oxygen atom. From experimental data acoustical parameters are calculated and studied to explain solute-solvent interaction exist between drugs and organic solvents mixture.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Corporate Responsibility For Forest Fires In Connection With The Implementation Of Environmental Law[Full-Text ]
Herry liyus, Lusi fitriyani

Due to the actors who burn the forest to open land oil palm plantation company allegedly is a corporation, the corporation issues related to speak alsoto the issue of accountability. In terms of corporate acountability is possible throught to the doctrine of strict liability which, in this teaching criminal liability can be imposed on perpetrators of criminal acts in question with no need to PROVE the existence of fault actors. But the empashis placed on it, as a result of his actions have the caused loss to the community. Suffice if proven that the Offender has committed an unlawful act, or not doing that is required by the criminal provisions.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Impact of Architecture Movements After First Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) on Architecture Education [Full-Text ]
Prof. Ismita Singh

Impact of Architecture Movements After First Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) on Architecture Education.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Study of Novel Microstrip Graphene Nano Patch Antenna -‘GNPA’ for Terahertz Radiation [Full-Text ]
Gaurav Tewari, Rajveer Singh Yaduvanshi

Graphene is best material as compared to several conventional metallic material. The scattering of terahertz radiation on a graphene-based microstrip nano-patch antenna is numerically analyzed. The extinction cross section of the nano-antenna supported by silicon and silicon dioxide substrates of different thickness are calculated. Scattering resonances in the terahertz band are identified as Fabry–Perot resonances of surface plasmon polaritons supported by the graphene film. A strong tunability of the antenna resonances via electrostatic bias is numerically demonstrated, opening perspectives to design tunable graphene-based nano-antennas. These antennas are envisaged to enable wireless communications at the nanoscale.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------