ICTSA 2021 - International Conference of Technology, Science, and Administration

"ICTSA 2021 Conference Papers "

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Identification, Distribution and Abundance of Fresh-water Snails in Southwest Taiz Governorate: Wadii AL-Dhabab and Wadii AL-Barakani[ ]


Gastropoda (freshwater snails) play an essential role in public and veterinary health, and thus it is crucial to continuously investigate their distribution. This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of freshwater snails in Southwest Taiz governorate, Yemen. Two different sites were selected, namely, Wadii AL- Dabab and Wadii AL- Barakani, where snails were collected on a monthly basis starting from February till October 2020. The collected snails were identified according to morphological characteristics using a standard identification guide. The study shows that a number of 3258 snails with an overall prevalence of snail's species was 3093 (99%) for Biomphalaria arabica,160 (7.20%) for Bulinus beccarii, and 5 (0.09%) for Melanoides tuberculata.

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De novo design, synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of ,2–diaminobenzene, dichloro glycyl glycinate tin(IV) and zirconium(IV) complexes: In vitro DNA binding, DNA cleavage pathway and molecular docking investigations[ ]


De novo design and synthesis of complexes 1,2–diaminobenzene,dichloro glycyl glycinate tin(IV) and zirconium(IV), 1 and 2 as molecular drug entities were carried out. The structure elucidation of 1 and 2 wasdone by analytical techniques and spectroscopic methods viz. IR, UV–vis, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR, ESI–Mass techniques. In vitro DNA binding studies of 1 and 2 by various biophysical techniques viz electronic absorption, emission spectroscopy and circular dichroism measurements was carried out to evaluate their potential to act as chemotherapeutic candidates; furthermore, cleavage studies with pBR322plasmid DNA and computer–aided molecular docking studies were also done to study the mechanistic pathway and mode of binding at the molecular level.The observed results revealed that the complex 1 exhibited greater DNA binding propensity in contrast to the complex 2 primarily via electrostatic binding mode. The pBR322 DNA cleavage studies of both the complexes revealed the hydrolytic cleavage mechanismand DNA minor groove binding, which was ascertained by molecular docking studies of the drug candidate.

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Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses infection among military personnel at Taiz city, Yemen[ ]


Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are the major public health problems. Military personnel are high risk people for blood-borne infections such as HBV & HCV. Date regarding HBV and HCV prevalence among military personnel in Yemen is absent. Hence, the study aimed to determine seroprevalence and associated risk factors of HBV and HCV among military personnel in Taiz, Yemen. Methods: across-sectional study was conducted in a total 203 military personnel from 13th to 16th of January 2020. Socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected through face to face interview using questionnaire. HBV and HCV infections were determined using HBsAg and HCV antibody rapid tests and confirmed the positive sample by Cobas e 411. Results: the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections (3.9%) and (0.5%) respectively. High seroprevalence of HBV (6.52%) and HCV (2.2%) was observed in the age group 37-46 years. HBV infection was in elementary (5.66%), High school (4.55%), collage (2.91%) and HCV infection in collage (0.97%), also reported high seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in married persons (4.58%) and (0.65%) respectively. HBV and HCV were statistically significant with liver symptoms (?2=16.363, P<0.05) and (?2=19.396, P<0.05) respectively, also HCV statistically significant with blood transfusion (?2=6.281, P<0.05), other disease (?2=4.364, P<0.05) and ABO group (?2=39.796, P<0.05). Conclusion: Intermediate seroprevalence of HBV and low seroprevalence HCV were observed among military personnel.

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infections among Restaurants' Workers in Taiz City, Yemen[ ]


The prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among the restaurants' workers in Taiz city, Yemen was investigated. Stool samples (233 samples) were examined by direct smear, saline sedimentation and formal ether concentration techniques. The results in this study showed that the prevalence percentage of parasite infections was 63.1% of intestinal parasites were detected in restaurant workers. The prevalence Entamoeba histolytica, Gardai lamblia and Entamoeba coli was 33.4%, 9.4% and 11.2%, respectively. Moreover, it was found that more than 9.1% of restaurants' workers were harbored intestinal helminthes including Ascaris lambercoides (2.6%), Hymenolipes nana (2.6%), Schistosoma mansoni (0.9%), Tania saginata (0.4%), Anclystoma duodenal (0.9%), Trichuris trichura (0.4%) and Enterobius vermicularis (1.3%). The double infection with E. histolytica and G. lamblia was 1.3% and E. histolytica and E. coli was 6.9%. The infection with those parasites was also accompanied with abdominal trouble, diarrhea, constipation, nausea and vomiting. In conclusion, the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the resturants' workers suggest that stool analysis for intestinal parasites should be periodically carried out in addition to the sanitation education and health special care for food handlers are working in restaurants.

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Native Arteriovenous Fistula Creation for Hemodialysis, Surgical Technique and Outcome in Taiz - Yemen: A Prospective Study[ ]


The present study investigates surgical outcomes post AVF creation by parachute vascular anastomosis technique (PVAT) in Taiz, Yemen. Materials and Methods: This prospective study of 196 patients who underwent a native AVF created by parachute anastomosis technique from October 2017 to September 2019 in Authority of Althawra hospital in Taiz- Yemen. AVF was performed under local anesthesia. Patients were followed up in outpatient clinic for six months. Result: Total of 231 AVF in 196 patients, 121 (61.7%) were male and 75 (38.3%) were female. The immediate patency rate (palpable thrill intra operative) was 218 (94.4%) with an overall functional rate (successful use of the AVF for six consecutive sessions of HD) of 198 (85.7%). The primary failure rate (within 3 months) was 33 (14.3%). Six months primary patency was 186 (80%). During study period, the most common complication was thrombosis 30 (13%).Conclusion: Based in our result and literature review we could report excellent functional rate (85.7%) of AVF created by parachute vascular anastomosis technique. For that, parachute technique may be suggested as one of optimal selection to create AVF especially in elderly, diabetic patients and smaller vascular caliber.

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Penetrating Popliteal Vascular Injury: Surgical Management and Early Outcome during Current War in Taiz –Yemen[ ]


Background: Popliteal vascular injury remains a challenging entity, and carries the greatest risk of limb loss among lower extremity vascular injuries. We aim to review our experience with complex penetrating popliteal vascular injuries, thereby focusing on therapeutic challenges, and early outcomes. Methods: From September 2015 to December 2019, we managed total of 728 penetrating vascular injuries with 163 popliteal vascular injuries presented to Authority of Althawra hospital in Taiz. Of 125 patients, 103 patients were fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Variables were retrospectively collected included patient demographics, mechanism and type of injuries, limb ischemia time, type of vascular reconstruction, associated complications, limb salvage, and mortality. Results: 157 vascular reconstructions were performed for 103 patients with penetrating popliteal vascular injuries, the majority 94 (91.3%) were male. Mean age was 27.3 ± 12.3 years. Popliteal vascular injuries were the second most common accounting for 35% of lower extremity vascular injuries and 22.4% of the total vascular injuries. Nearly half 54 (52.4%) of patients sustained complex popliteal vascular injuries (arterial and venous injuries), 31 (30.1%) isolated arterial injuries, and 18 (17.5%) isolated venous injuries. Management of arterial injury was repaired by interposition graft in 68 (80%), end-to-end anastomosis in 16 (18.8%), and venous patch in 1(1.2%). Venous injury was repaired in 53 (73.7%) and ligated in 18 (25%). Less than 6 hours from injury to completed revascularization was achieved in 58 (56.3%) patients. The overall fasciotomy was 28 (27.2%) which significantly increased length of hospital stays (17 days vs 7 days, P= 0.0003). The overall limb-salvage rate in our study was 94.2%. During the study period, the most common complication was 14 (13.6%) wound infection, 14 (13.6%) graft thrombosis, 6 (5.8%) bleeding, 4 (3.9%) graft infection. Early limb loss occurred in 6 (5.8%) and the mortality rate was (1.9%). Conclusions: Wartime penetrating popliteal vascular injury is a real challenge. However, team approach and promptly vascular repair found to associate with a remarkable limb salvage rate of 94.2%. We advocate repair of arterial injury with vein graft as the treatment of choice whenever possible.

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Relationship between BRAF V600E Mutation and Rearranged in Transformation/Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Rearrangement and their Clinicopathological Features in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma[ ]


Background: Rearranged in transformation/papillary thyroid carcinoma (RET/PTC) rearrangement, Rat Sarcoma gene (RAS) and B isoform of RAF kinase (BRAF) mutations are mutually exclusive in PTC. However, although concomitant mutations of RET/PTC, RAS or BRAF have been reported recently, their significance in tumour progression and survival remains unclear. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 57 patients who underwent surgery for PTC. We studied the prevalence of BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement, which were determined by fluorescence polymerase chain reaction in a series of 57 conventional PTC. IBM SPSS Statistics computer package v. 24 was used for data analysis, descriptive analysis, Chi-square, T-Test and correlation. Descriptive statistics, percentages and test of significance were obtained to determine the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and mutation status. Results: BRAFV600E mutation was observed in 43 patients (75.4%), whereas RET/PTC rearrangement was observed in 5 (8.8%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between multifocality, tumour size and lymph node metastasis with BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement except for age and gender. Statistical analysis exposed a highly significant (P<0.01) difference in several clinicopathological features and BRAFV600E mutation and RET/PTC rearrangements. Conclusions: BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement showed no significant association with clinicopathological features of PTC characteristics except for age and gender.

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Traumatic Amputation during Current War, Magnitude of Tragedy and complication (Taiz city)[ ]


Background: Trauma remains the important cause of limb amputation during war, especially in developing countries as Yemen, which is resulted in use several of weapons as mines. The aim of study to identify indications of traumatic amputation and its complications during war in Taiz-Yemen. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was designed to find indications and outcomes of traumatic amputation, especially re-amputation in Taiz hospitals between 2016-2019. We found 244 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria of traumatic amputation. Non-traumatic amputations were excluded from the study. Results: 265 amputations were performed for 244 patients. The mean age was 26.6 ±11.3 years, 234 (95.9%) were males and 10 (4.1%) were females. The patients with lower-limb amputation were 164 (67.2%), upper-limb amputation 72 (29.5%), and both lower and upper limb amputation 8 (3.3%). The main cause of amputation was crushed limb injury due to bomb blast 145 (59.4%). Hospital stay more than 2 weeks was 85 (34.8%). Re-amputation was performed in 42 (17.2%), which was due to wound infection, overgrowth of bone, and unstable stump. Conclusion: Limb amputation is life-saving. Our review showed the most common cause of amputation was the blast bomb during war in the city. Furthermore, we found main complication post amputation is re-amputation, which could be decreased with an optimal level of amputation.

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Penetrating thoracic injuries treatment options in the Authority of Al Thawra Hospital-Taiz,Yemen, during war 2015-2016[ ]


Aim: To describe the review of treatment options for Penetrating thoracic injuries (PTIs) cases during war admitted to the Emergency Surgical center in Authority of Al Thawra Hospital-Taiz. Materials and Methods: The records were reviewed of 187 patients (pts) seen at general surgery unite in our Hospital during the wartime period over a one year. Result: The study includes 187 pts. with PTIs, 170 (90.9%) were male and 17 (9.1%) were female, Male to female ratio was 11:1. The Study show that PTIs are common in second to sixth decade of age 156(83.4%) pts. in the age group 18-60 years of age, the mean of age was 37 year. the Gunshot wounds are the most prominent mode of injury 131 pts. (70.1%), 52 (27.8%) pts. were from blast injury, and 4 (2.1%) had stab injuries. isolated PTIs were in 140 pts (74.9%), which are combined with injuries of abdominal happened in 47 patients (25.1%). In the 131 gunshot wound patients, 23 (17.6%) had thoracotomy, whereas only 5 (11%) of the 52 blast-wound patients had thoracotomy exploration.Most of the patients 158 (84.5%) were treated by tube thoracostomy. (15%) had exploration with thoracotomy and exploration. only One (0.5%) patient need conservative treatment (observation). Conclusion: In this study we emphasize that chest tube thoracostomy should remain by far the most common method of treating penetrating injury to the thorax, with only 15% of patients requiring thoracotomy. Most of the cases of seemingly serious PTIs was adequately and successfully being managed by general surgeons.

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Quality of Handwritten Surgical Operative Notes in two Taiz Hospitals[ ]


Background: Operative notes are essential for patient postoperative care and also important for research and medicolegal purposes. Therefore operative notes should be accurate, comprehensive and legible. This study aims to assess the quality of surgical operation notes in Taiz Hospitals against Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSEng) guidelines, 2014 to improve our practice, patient care, and training process in surgery. Methods: Nineteen parameters based on the RCSEng ‘Good Surgical Practice’ 2014 guidelines used to assess the surgical operation notes in two tertiary hospitals(public and private ) in Taiz city during 2018-2019 retrospectively. 306 surgical operation notes from general surgery and other specialties were randomly selected. The notes were assessed for legibility and compliance to the RCSEng guidelines standards, whether each standard was recorded or not. Results: In comparison to RCSEng guidelines standards a significant number of surgical operative notes were incomplete. Overall, 50% compliance was achieved in 7/19 standards concerning the date, diagnosis, name of operating surgeon and assistants’ names, name of an anesthetist, incision, operative findings, and the signature. Of the 19 standards set by RCSEng guidelines, the distribution of the maximum score was 14 achieved only in 4 (1.3%) operation notes, the highest percentage of the score was 8 achieved in 34 (11.1%) operation notes. The legibility of operation notes was 78.8%. Conclusion: Accurate and complete operative notes are essential in different aspects. The quality of handwritten surgical operation notes written in Taiz Hospitals was poor when compared with a set standard. We recommend the use of procedure proformas for operation notes to improve the quality.

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Parametric E-differentiable multiobjective fractional programming under E-invexity[ ]


In this paper, we consider a class of E-differentiable multiobjective fractional programming problems with both inequality and equality constraints. The so-called parametric E-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established. Further, the parametric sufficient optimality conditions are derived for the considered E-differentiable multiobjective fractional programming problems under E-invexity hypotheses. Moreover, the parametric vector E-dual problem in the sense of Schaible is defined for the considered E-differentiable multiobjective fractional programming problem and several E-duality theorems are derived also under appropriate E-invexity hypotheses.

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The Continuity In G-Metric Spaces Via Gß -Open Sets[ ]


In this paper we introduce and investigate weak form of G-continuous functions in G-metric spaces, namely Gß -continuous functions, via Gß -open sets. We give the notions of contra Gß - continuous functions, almost contra Gß -continuous functions, weakly Gß -continuous functions and slightly Gß -continuous functions.

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Contra And Almost D-Precontinuous Functions in D-Metric Spaces[ ]


The purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate weak form of D-precontinuous function in D-metric spaces, namely contra and almost D-precontinuous functions via D-preopen sets. The relationships among this form with the other known functions are introduced.

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Weak Forms Of ?-Open Sets[ ]


The principle purpose of this paper is to introduce and study some new classes of sets in topological spaces which are finer than the classes of open sets and ?-open sets. The continuity via these classes will be introduced and studied.

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On Preopenness Property in Grill Topological Spaces[ ]


The class of a N -preopen sets was introduced by [1] in topological spaces. In this paper we extend the notion of this class into grill topological spaces by giving the concept of GN -preopen sets as a strong form of the class of a N -preopen sets.

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Separation Axioms And Connectedness For ß?-Open Sets[ ]


Our propose in this paper is to introduce the new classes for separation axioms in topological spaces by using ß? -open sets and Gß? -open sets, called Gß? -separation axioms and G ß? -separation axioms. Furthermore, we introduce the stronger form of connected spaces.

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The Continuity Property Via G? -Open Sets in Grill Topological Spaces[ ]


In this paper, we introduce introduces and investigates the notion of G?-continuous functions via class of G ß-open sets and we study ?-cluster operator via this class to introduces and investigates the notion of ?-G?-continuous functions in grill topological spaces. The relationships between the pervious functions and other known functions are introduced and studied.

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The Continuity Property Via I?-Open Sets in Ideal Topological Spaces[ ]


In this paper, we introduce introduces and investigates the notion of I? -continuous functions via class of pre-I-open sets and we study cluster operator via this class to introduces and in vestigates the notion of I?-continuous functions in ideal topological spaces. The relationships between the pervious functions and other known functions are introduced and studied.

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On the stability and hyperstability of a p-radical functional equation related to Jensen mappings in 2-Banach spaces[ ]


The aim of this paper is to introduce and solve the following p-radical functional equation (v(p&x^p+y^p ))+f(v(p&x^p-y^p ))=2f(x).where f is a mapping from R into a vector space X and p=3 is an odd natural number. Using an analogue version of the fixed point theorem in 2-Banach spaces, we establish some hyperstability results for the considered equation. Also, we study the hyperstability for the inhomogeneous p-radical functional equation related to Jensen mappings f(v(p&x^p+y^p ))+f(v(p&x^p-y^p ))=2f(x)+G(x,y).

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Inference for a Progressively First-Failure Censored Competing Risks Data from the Kumaraswamy Distribution[ ]


In medical studies or in reliability analysis, it is quite common that the failure of any individual or any item may be attributable to more than one cause. Moreover, the observed data are progressively first-failure censored competing risks data, when the lifetime distributions are Kumaraswamy. This type of censoring contains as special cases various types of censoring schemes used in the literature. Based on this type of censoring, we derive the maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) of the unknown parameters and asymptotic confidence intervals It is assumed that the latent cause of failures have independent Kumaraswamy distributions with the common shape parameter but different shape parameters and When the common shape parameter is known, the Bayes estimates of the another shape parameters have closed form expressions and the corresponding credible intervals also can be constructed explicitly. As expected, when the common shape parameter is unknown the explicit expressions of the Bayes estimators cannot be obtained. Hence, we propose Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to compute the Bayes estimates and construct the credible intervals of the unknown parameters. One set of real data has been analyzed for illustrative purposes. Finally, we provide a Monte Carlo simulation to compare and select optimal censoring schemes.

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Study on Development and Quality Improvement of Flexible Polyurethane Foams by Substitution of Polyol with Zeolite and/or Unrefined Oils[ ]


Owing to the increasing demand of production of flexible polyurethane (PU) foam, called industrial sponges, and from economical point of view to minimize the consumption of raw materials of high cost involved in the manufacture of PU foams, the present work was devoted to partially replace some quantity of polyols with unrefined vegetable oils, and to add the natural microporouszeolite as a filler to support the compressibility of flexible PU foam products. It can be concluded that the flexible PU foam products can be significantly developed and their quality can also be enhanced by addition of natural zeolite and/or UO which are of low cast as compared to the industrial polyol.

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Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution using Bi(2-x)MxO(3-2.5x): Co3O4 semiconductor catalyst[ ]


The present study involves the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution by Bi(2-x)MxO(3-2.5x): Co3O4 semiconductor catalyst. that the variation of band-gap energy with Cu content (x) shows a minimum (Eg~1.807ev) at x=0.05,wich is significantly lower than Eg value of Co3O4 .However, the unexpected increase of Eg for x= 0.02 and x=0.08 may be attributed to scattering of UV-VIS radiation beam which is incident on the sample during the measurements as a result of high crystallinity of these two compositions. Eg shows otherwise a general increase with increasing Ni content (x). This indicates that the crystallinity increases with the partial substitution of Ni for Bi in the lattice positions. This might be the reason behind the scattering of incident UV-VIS beam during the spectral measurements. The value of Eg goes on decreasing remarkably with the increase of Cr- content , reaching a minimum (Eg~ 1.7171ev) for x=0.05, and there after it is raised up. This minimum Eg value observed for Cr- system is more significantly lower than that of Co3O4 as compared with the minimum Eg value of Cu- system at the same doping level. Almost, the linearity of kinetic profiles can be seen, except for Ni-doped Bi2O3, where deviations from the linearity are observed at high irradiation times, particularly with higher Ni-dopant concentrations. This actually presumes a kinetic order that is greater than the unity (i-e, n>1) for the photocatalytic degradation in the presence of Ni-doped Bi2O3:Co3O4. The photocatalytic degradation of MB in the presence of undipped Bi2O3:Co3O4(Kapp~0.0093 min-1) is nearly two orders of magnitude faster than that in the presence of the only Co3O4 semiconductor (Kapp~ 0.00198 min-1). The Cu-doped Bi2O3 shows a maximum photocatalytic efficiency (kapp ~ 0.089 min-1) for the composition x=0.02, and beyond this it sharply drops by many orders of magnitude , as compared to undoped Bi2O3:Co3O4 and the only Co3O4 as well . On other hand, the photocatalytic efficiency of Ni-doped Bi2O3:Co3O4 composites drastically increases as Ni content increases.

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Effects of Cathode Materials and Electrode Separation on Electrochemical On- Site Production of Sodium Hypochlorite Using Single Batch Reactor[ ]


This work has been devoted to investigate the effects of using available and inexpensive cathodic materials, such as steel, Al, and Zn, beside the change of spacing between electrodes on the efficiency of the on-site electrochemical production of sodium hypochlorite using a single batch electrolysis cell. The rate of NaOCl production generally increases in the order : Zn > Al > steel at all separations except at 14 cm, where the production rate with steel cathode is found remarkably higher than that with Al cathode. While at ambient electrode separation, it is clearly evident that the electrochemical activation increases in the order: Zn > Al > steel. This may be attributed to the lowering in the electronic resistivity in the order: Zn < Al < steel. Generally, the best on- site generation of sodium hypochlorite was observed for Zn electrode having the surface area of 66.3 cm2, and separated from the graphite anode by 8 cm within the electrolysis time of 120 min, by applying DC voltage 9.5 V with measured current density of 176.5 mA.cm2- at 25 oC as an ambient temperature. The best effective concentration value of sodium hypochlorite at the previous conditions was 0.054%.

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GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oil and In Vitro Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Essential oil and Ethanol Extract of Conyza bonariensis[ ]


The aim of this study was to describe the chemical composition of essential oil of Conyza bonariensis and to identify the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil and ethanol extract and find out the total phenols from Conyza bonariensis . Were extracted essential oils by hydro distillation and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS), While the plant extract was extracted using 90% ethanol, by microwave. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil and ethanol extract were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ß-Carotene bleaching (BCB). While the total phenols was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The effectiveness of the extract on the growth inhibition of some of bacteria were investigated by agar well diffusion assay. Were identified 45 constituents in essential oil. The major component was sesquiterpene accounting for 51.14% of the total oil composition. The principal components were Aromadendrene oxide - (2) (17.38%), Cedren - 13- ol, 8 (17.30%), Caryophyllone oxide (7.23%), alpha – Bisabolol (2.32%), Isoaromadendrene epoxide (1.69 %), Globulol (1.49%), Thymol (2.86 %), Tetracyclo(6.3.2.0(2.5).0(1.8)tridecan-9-ol,4,4-dimethyl(8.41%),1-Naphthalenol,decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-)1-methylethylidene- (1R-(1.alpha., 4abeta, 8a. Alpha)(7.20%), Butanoic acid , 3,7- dimethyl - 2,6-octadianyl ester (5.87%), n- hexadecanoic acid (4.27%), 4-Penten-2- 0l (3.76%), phenol, 4 - methoxy - 2,3,6 – trimethyl (3.02 %). The essential oil of C. bonariensis exhibited a strong antioxidant potential displaying at (0.001 mg/ml) 92.12 % DPPH and 1.74(µg/ml) of IC50, while exhibited the extract 54.06 % of DPPH and 4.86(µg/ml) of IC50.While the total phenols was 156 mg/ml. The results of the essential oil of C. bonariensis showed significant antibacterial activity against many enteric pathogens tested as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Shigella dysenteriae with inhibitory zone of (16.9± 0.17, 15.9± 0.51 and 115.7± 0.4) mm at 5 mg / ml respectively. While inhibitory zone of ethanol extract was (15.1± 1.15, 13.0± 0.017 and 12.5± 0.2) mm at 5 mg / ml respectively.

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Portland Cement – Catalyzed Pyrolysis of Waste Polypropylene for Production of Liquid Fuel Comparable to Commercial Grade Diesel[ ]


In the present study, a Portland cement (PC) was used for the first time as very cheap and commercially available catalyst for the low– temperature pyrolysis of waste polypropylene (WPP) to a liquid fuel comparable to the commercial grade diesel, utilizing a single – stage semi–batch reactor designed well at appropriate pyrolyzer / catalytic reformer ratio. The thermal decomposition of WPP was studied using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The liquid fuel produced by catalytic pyrolysis of WPP at 280 oC was investigated by means of gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and physico–chemical properties of fuels. The PC–catalyzed pyrolysis resulted in remarkably increased liquid and gaseous products, and reduced char yield. Moreover, it significantly prevented the wax production.

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Effect of Some Organic and Inorganic Compounds on Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminum in Alkaline Solution[ ]


Corrosion of aluminum in potassium hydroxide has been investigated by using weight loss and open- circuit techniques in the absence and presence of chlotrimazole (CTM) and potassium iodate (PI) as inhibitors at varying concentrations and different temperatures. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase as the concentration of inhibitor goes on increasing, while the increase in temperature resulted in a dramatic lowering of inhibition at all inhibitors concentration. Adsorption of both CTM and PI onto the surface of aluminum was fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model over whole concentration and temperature ranges. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the most possible mechanism for the physical adsorption of the investigated inhibitors was also proposed.

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Preparation of A Layered Aurivillius– Perovskite Oxide as a Photocatalyst for Removal of Azo Dye from Industrial Wastewaters under Visible- Light Irradiation[ ]


A layered Aurivillius–perovskite type BINIVOX system with the general formula, Bi2NixV1-xO5.5-(3x/2) was developed as a novel photocatalyst for degradation of organic dyes. A series of BINIVOX.x catalysts in the composition range 0 = x = 0.20 were successfully synthesized by the standard solid– state reaction and characterized using X–ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and BET surface area. Then, the photocatalytic activities of prepared catalysts were investigated for the first time through the degradation of a new azo dye, SDN in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. Adsorption efficiency and photocatalytic activity of BINIVOX.x catalysts were correlated well with the variation in phase crystal structures stabilized at room temperature as a function of composition. The stabilized ß–BINIVOX phases in the orthorhombic crystal system with space group Acam exhibited the best photocatalytic performance which can be attributed to their higher specific surface area, narrower band– gap energy, higher oxygen –vacancy concentration in the perovskite vanadate layers. In addition, the possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism of aqueous SDN dye was proposed under visible light irradiation.

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Two Environmental Friendly Compounds As Zinc Corrosion Inhibitors in HCl Media[ ]


The inhibitive effects of chlotrimazole (CTM) and potassium iodate (PI), two environmental friendly compounds, on the corrosion of zinc metal in HCl have been investigated using chemical (weight loss) and electrochemical (open- circuit potential) techniques. It was found that the inhibition efficiencies of CTM and PI remarkably increase as the inhibitor concentration increases , and drop with increasing temperature. CTM and PI adsorbed on the surface of zinc according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model at all the concentrations and temperatures studied. The mechanism of physical adsorption of CTM and PI on the surface of zinc was also proposed based on the thermodynamic parameters obtained.

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Production of Liquid Fuel Comparable to Commercial Grade Diesel by Pyrolysis of Waste High- Density Polyethylene Catalyzed with Portland Cement Using Single – Stage Semi–batch Reactor[ ]


Waste plastics constitute a growing social problem, because of the loss of natural resources, the environmental pollution, and the depletion of landfill space. In the present study, a Portland cement (PC) was used for the first time as very cheap and commercially available catalyst for the low– temperature pyrolysis of waste high – density polyethylene (WHDPE) to diesel range pyrolytic oil, utilizing a single – stage semi–batch reactor designed well at appropriate pyrolyzer / catalytic reformer ratio. The thermal decomposition of WHDPE was studied using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The liquid fuel produced by catalytic pyrolysis of WHDPE at 250 oC were investigated by means of gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and physic–chemical properties of fuels. The PC–catalyzed pyrolysis resulted in remarkably increased liquid and gaseous products, and reduced char yield. Moreover, it significantly prevented the wax production. Moreover, this technique will contribute to address the problems related to the environmental protection from the accumulation of such waste plastics.

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Thermal Pyrolysis of Waste Polypropylene to Liquid and Gas Fuel Using Single – Stage Semi–Batch Reactor[ ]


Plastics have become indispensible materials of utmost importance in our life. The increased demand and consumption of virgin plastics have led in parallel to growing waste plastics disposed in landfills causing a serious danger towards the environment due to their slow degradation and subsequent contaminants generation. In the present study, a single – stage semi–batch reactor designed well at appropriate pyrolyzer / catalytic reformer ratio was used for the first time for the low– temperature thermal pyrolysis of waste polypropylene (WPP) to diesel range pyrolytic oil. The thermal decomposition of WPP was studied using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The liquid fuels produced by both catalytic and non– catalytic pyrolysis of WPP at 280 oC were investigated by means of gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and physico–chemical properties of fuels. It can be concluded that the use of the liquid fuel produced by thermal pyrolysis using the well- designed single – stage semi–batch reactor as either a substitute of , or blended with the conventional diesel, besides other products (gas and char) having a variety of promising applications, would essentially enhance the economic viability of the pyrolysis of waste plastics.

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Study on the effects of some inhibitors on the inhibition of equipment's corrosion using analytical physical techniques[ ]


The inhibitive effects of essential oils (EO) and synthetic compounds(COMP), two types inhibitors compounds, on the corrosion of carbon steel(CS)and stainless steel L-316(316SS)in 1M HCl ,industrial waste water(Iww),basic active detergent past(ADP) respectively have been investigated using chemical (weight loss) techniques. It was found that the inhibition efficiencies of EO and COMP remarkably increase as the inhibitor concentration increases , and drop with increasing temperature. COMP and EO adsorbed on the surface of CS and 316SS according to the Temkin adsorption isotherm model at all the concentrations and temperatures studied. The mechanism of physical adsorption of COMP and EO on the surface of CS and316SS were also proposed based on the thermodynamic parameters obtained .the synergistic contribution of some in organic anions such as I-,Br -, and SCN-to the effective ness of EO in the corrosion inhibition was also investigated.

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Chemical Analysis of some Essential Trace Elements in Hen's Eggs:A Comparative Study[ ]


Hen's egg is an inexpensive but very nutritious component within the human diet. It is one of the few foods that are used widely worldwide and are healthy and safe for consumers but if contaminated by toxic heavy metals due to industrial waste, geochemical structures and agricultural activities is a serious problem for environmental and human health. The aim of our study is focused on determining the levels of the concentrations of some essential elements in three kinds of the hen eggs (i.e. home, street and market hen eggs) were collected from four regions at Aden city including Al-Buraiqeh, Al-Hiswah, Khormaksar and Shaikh Othman at Yemen. The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo elements were measured using the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) technique. Omitting not detected values (ND), the mean concentrations (ppm) of elements in hen’s eggs were in the range 0.029±0.004-8.903±0.420 for Cr, 0.217±0.002-0.976±0.001 for Mn, 3.749±0.040-20.52±0.19 for Fe, 0.010±0.001-4.795±0.265 for Co, 0.251±0.002-2.528±0.029 for Cu, 10.26±0.05-48.07±0.06 for Zn, 12.15±0.25-55.00±0.01 for Se, and 2.208±0.008-5.923±0.059 for Mo. Because Yemen country does not monitor the investigated elements in this foodstuff, the recent work was compared with other values reported in literature and in international standards. The mean concentrations of some studied elements such as zinc and selenium in some samples were exceeded the permissible limits as stated by available international specifications and standards. The regular national checking of hen's eggs producing and the quality of environment and hen's feeds should be taken into account with the intention of protection public health.

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Effect of Pb Doping in ErBa2Cu3O7-d synthesized via Co-precipitation method on superconducting properties[ ]


Pb-doped ErBa2Cu3O7-d was successfully prepared via coprecipitation method using acetate salts as a starting material. The acetates were precipitated in alcoholic media using oxalic acid as a precipitating agent. Heat treatment of the oxalate precursor happened in an oxygen environment where it was calcined and sintered at 900 °C and 920 °C, respectively, for 24 hours. The XRD patterns show a secondary phase of PbO2 and Pb3O4 accompanied with the orthorhombic structure. The TC(R=0) for samples has a slightly changed compared with the amount of dopant where the changing was lower than 7 K and the samples show a good superconducting behavior at liquid nitrogen temperature. The SEM microstructure shows large grain size with a highly compacted. These results show that the Pb may get a significant change in the superconducting properties at different concentrations.

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Biological Evaluation of Copper Based Drug as Chemotherapeutic Agent with tRNA[ ]


The interaction of new dinuclear copper(II) complex 1, [Cu2(glygly)2(ppz)(H2O)4].2H2O, derived from dipeptide (glycyl glycine anion) and piperazine as a metallopeptide drug with tRNA was examined by UV–visible, Fourier transform- infrared (FT–IR), and fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The binding constants (Kb), and binding site number (n), and corresponding thermodynamic parameters; ?G, ?H and ?S were calculated. ITC results showed that the complex 1 binds strongly with tRNA (Kb ~ 4.504 ×104 M–1). The distance between tRNA (donor) and complex 1 (acceptor) was estimated by means of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The molecular docking technique utilized for ascertaining the mechanism and mode of action towards the molecular target tRNA indicated that complex 1 has a strong binding affinity to tRNA. Moreover, the growth inhibitory effects of the complex 1 on the SW480 cancer cell line were measured (IC50 ~ 2.87 µg/ml).

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Direct, Fast Spectrophotometric Determination of Bromazepam in Its Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Based On Ion–Pair Association Reaction[ ]


A rapid and validated spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of Bromazepam in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was based on ion–pair association reaction of Bromazepam with iron (III) thiocyanate complex in acidic medium. The color development was monitored spectrophometrically at the maximum absorption, ?max = 498 nm. The stoichiometry of the ion–pair associate was determined, and the reaction path way was postulated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Bromazepam in five marketed brands with three labeled dosages (1.5, 3, 6 mg per tablet/ capsule). The analytical results of the proposed spectrophotometric method were statistically compared with those obtained from standard HPLC procedures used as a reference method. Application of the proposed procedure shows acceptable linearity, precision, repeatability, and reproducibility. The analytical results were in good agreement with the label claims. F– and Student’s t–tests proved that no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision between the proposed and reference method, and that this spectrophotometric method can be employed for the routine analysis of Bromazepam in bulks as well as in the commercial formulations.

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Indirect Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Clindamycin Hydrochloride & Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride in Pure and in Pharmaceutical Formulations through Ion-Associate Formation with Phosphotungstate[ ]


A new simple, selective, accurate and precise indirect atomic absorption spectrometric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of clindamycin hydrochloride (CM.HCl) and moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Mf.HCl) drugs. The method is based on the reaction of each studied drug with an accurately measured excess of phosphotungstate reagent to form ion-associate precipitate and the unreacted excess phosphotungstate was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry of tungsten at 255.1 nm. The molar concentrations of drugs, which equivalent to the consumed phosphotungstate reagent, were then indirectly determined. The optimum conditions for the precipitation reactions and for the tungsten atomic absorbance measurements have been carefully investigated. The mole ratio method and the elemental analysis of the formed ion-associate precipitates were measured. The present developed method has been successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in pure solutions and in their commercial pharmaceutical formulations. There were insignificant interferences from most of the common excipients used. Regression equation parameters and limits of detection and quantitation were obtained. Rectilinear calibration graphs were observed in the concentration ranges 92.28-599.82 µg/mL for CM.HCl and 87.58-569.27 µg/mL for MF.HCl with recovery percent ranged from 97.03 to 99.74 and relative standard deviations ranged from 0.78 to 3.11% which indicated a good accuracy and precision compared with the official and reported methods as revealed by F-and t-tests.

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Geological and Structural Evolution of the Sharab area, Southwest Yemen[ ]


This paper presents the first attempt to give insight background on the lithological units and their structural evolution in the Sharab area of Yemen, based on the field work, satellite image analysis and available secondary data sources. Accordingly, geological map is constructed. Lithologically, the Sharab area is occupied by a few thousand meters thick of Precambrian basement rocks overlain by thick Mesozoic marine sediments (limestone and shale) and clastic sediments (sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and conglomerate). The Precambrian basement and Mesozoic sediments are coated by huge amounts of Tertiary basalts intercalated with acidic and volcaniclastic strata and injected by several types of igneous dykes, sills and plugs. Structurally, the study area is affected by six phases of deformations (D1-D6) took place in three stages; during the Precambrian (D1: D4), through Mesozoic (D5) and in the Cenozoic (D6). D1 of the Precambrian is characterized by penetrative linear foliation (S1), lineation (L1) and isoclinal, intrafolial folds (F1), while D2, D3 and D4 are characterized by a series of major and minor anticline and syncline folds (F2), ductile left-lateral shear zones, and right lateral ductile-brittle shear zones respectively. D5 generated during Mesozoic is represented by the obviously observed folds in the Jurassic limestone. The latest phase of deformation (D6) in Cenozoic is characterized by horizontal extension and vertical thinning, which led to wide fragmentation by E-W, NE-SW, WNW-ESE and NW-SE conjugate system of high-angle brittle normal faults and several distinctive horsts and grabens.

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Reservoir Evaluation by Well-Logging of the Al-Raja Field, Alif Member, Marib Shabwah (Sab'atayn) Basin, Republic of Yemen [ ]


This study evaluates the hydrocarbon reservoir in Al-Raja field through the well Al-Raja#41 (RJ-41), which is formed within Alif Formation of the Upper Jurassic age in Marib-Shabwah basin, Republic of Yemen. We analyzed and interpreted the well log data to determine important petrophysics parameters. We identified the lithology of the reservoir by applying Interactive Petrophysics (IP) software. The average values of the shale volume, effective porosity, water saturation, and the hydrocarbon saturation of the reservoir in the Al-Raja field are estimated as 21.5%, 14.5%, 23.5%, and 76.5%, respectively. Our results indicate that the hydrocarbon present in the reservoir is gas and the reservoir is dominated by sandstone, but minor amounts of shale are also present.

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Enhancement of Organizations Performance Based on Modified Web Services Model[ ]


Nowadays, Information Systems (IS) are the corner stone in modern organizations to perform their IT and Business processes. Most of these systems not mutual, so Web Services (WS) are very important technique used to satisfy this mutuality. Actually, WS provides an ability of increasing the performance of organizations services. This enables organizations to enhance their services by publish them in standard vision due to exchange them in universal form. The WS quality depend on many metrics such as Response Time(RT) and CPU Utilities. Furthermore, delivery data from original provider into customer should be reliable and confident. In this paper Local Client ache(LCC) and Delivery Checker (DC) are proposed as additional efficient components into traditional WS model. These components have been implemented and tested to enhance WS quality. Based on experiment’s results on these components, they proved efficiency based on reduce RT and CPU Utilities of WS. LCC increased the user interactivity with WS applications as well as working with WS without internet connection (offline mode). On the other hand, the DC has been ensured delivery notifications to consumer without loss by apply many of efficient precautions. Modified WS Model utilities are much promised and show the superiority of the proposed model.

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Technical Effeciency of Faculties in Sana’a University Using Data Envirnment Analysis (DEA)[ ]


The effectiveness of seventeen faculties at Sana'a University (FSU) is investigated in this article. The aim of this paper is to estimate and evaluate efficiency in (FSU) for the 2018/2019 academic year. The total number of graduated students is calculated as output and using the total number of the indicators as inputs; enrolled students and academic teaching staff. To calculate the efficiency score, the researcher used an output orientated model with variable return to scale (VRS). The results revealed that (7) FsSU, or 41.18 percent were effective in terms of variable return to scale VRS efficiency, with an average of 0.79. In terms of Constant return to scale CRS efficiency, FSU obtained an average scale efficiency of 0.91 and only five FSU achieved the optimum size, with four FSU being effective with an average of 0.72.

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Review of Economic Statistical Design X-bar Chart with Six Sigma Idea[ ]


After Shewhart's suggested first control chart, various chart styles have been created. over time to meet the needs of various manufacturing environments. For the development of Design of control, various methodologies have been developed. The most famous among them are economic statistical design and economic design, which help to minimize the cost of process management in order to compete in a competitive market. It has drawn a lot of interest from researchers that are trying to reduce the cost as much as possible. In the development of economic models, and process characteristics of different types have been considered. For optimizing the design of control charts from an economic standpoint, various forms of optimization statistical techniques such as six Sigma have been tried. This paper provides a summarizing review of the Design of control, statistical concepts of economic design with six sigma SS. Where the six Sigma its prominence in statistical quality control. The capacity process indexes are presents. Finally, the paper concluded with a suggestion to potential researchers to use the six-sigma method on statistical control and during manufacturing processes to reduce defects and variations and manufacture high-quality, cost-effective products.

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Echnological Factors Influencing the adoption of E-government by lectures in Yemeni Universities[ ]


The object of this stud is to suggest a conceptual hypothetical model for Technical Factors Affecting E-Government Adoption in Yemeni Universities through lectures, which is one of the least researched aspects of e-Government. Technology acceptance, as well as the spread of ICT-related-novelties, are all concepts that are incorporated into the proposed theoretical model. The model contains three independent variables: machine self-efficacy, knowledge quality, and system quality, as well as one dependent variable, E-government adoption, and two moderators: age and education level. This model lays the groundwork for more empirical studies in developing countries such as Yemen, which is grappling with practical issues related to e-government implementation. It also aims to provide key policies and strategies to aid in the adoption of e-Government, especially among lecturers in higher education.

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Impact of Solar Energy Usage on Organizations’ Energy Needs: Evidence from Private Banks in Yemen[ ]


Republic of Yemen is a developing country. It depends on oil for the life needs. Regarding the availability of renewable energy resources, the country has huge solar resources. Due to crises and civil wars, most organizations turned to alternative energy sources, including solar energy. The research objective is to examine the impact of solar utilization and solar usage barriers on satisfying energy needs for the organizations. Self-administered structured questionnaire is utilized to conduct a survey of 250 private bank employees in Sana'a. A simple random sampling is used to distribute the questionnaires. A correlational study is applied using quantitative method and the path coefficients analysis is used to test proposed hypotheses. The main findings of the study are three-fold. Firstly, there is negative significance impact of usage barriers on the solar energy usage and satisfying organization’s needs. Secondly, the effect of usage barriers on the overall solar usage satisfaction is insignificant. Finally, solar energy usage has a positive significance effect on satisfying organizational needs and overall solar usage satisfaction.

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