International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 1, January-2013 1
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DINESH.W. GAWATRE ,V.G.MESHRAM
Abstract— The purpose of this experiment al investigation is to study the behavior of Concrete using Various fineness Fly ash. In this investigation was manufactured by usual ingredients such as cem ent, fine aggregate, coarse aggregat e, water and mineral admixtures such as Fly ash at various replacem ent levels. The water binder ratio (w/b) adopted is 0.45. The concret e used in this investigation was proportioned to various target a mean strength of
20MPa, 25MPa, 30MPa. Specimens such as cubes, were cast and tested for various mixes are cast with 0%, 12.5%,
25%, and 37.5% replacem ent of various fineness Fly ash to study the m echanical properties such as compressive strength at different ages of concrete such as 7, 28, and 90 days. The mix Design as per IS 10262-1982.
Keywords: Fly ash, partial replacem ent, cement ,fine and coarse aggregate, water ,compressive strength.
Concrete as is well known is a heterogeneous mix of cement, water and aggregates. The admixtures may be added in concrete in order to enhance some of the properties desired specially. It is widely recognized that proportioning and mixing of the constituents of concrete such as cement, sand and coarse aggregates and compaction are important steps in concrete making process. Quality control measures are expected to keep a check on the quality of concrete being produced. These include tests on wet concrete such as workability tests and tests on hardened concrete.
In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates. Various materials are added such as fly ash, admixture to obtain concrete of desired property. The character of the concrete is determined by quality of the paste. The key to achieving a strong, durable concrete rests in the careful proportioning, mixing and compacting of the ingredients. The detailed experimental investigation done to study the effect of partial replacement of cement with FA on cement. In this project I started proportion form 0% FA and mix together in concrete by replacement of cement, last proportion taken 37.5%FA.Numerous tests are performed on wet concrete such as workability tests such as compaction factor test and slump test. The tests on hardened concrete FA mix together in concrete to improve the workability of concrete. The work presented in this project reports an investigation on the behavior of concrete produced from blending cement with FA. The physical and chemical
properties of FA and OPC were first
are destructive test while the destructive test includes compressive test on concrete cube for size (150 x 150 x 150) mm, as per IS: 516 – 1959, IS: 5816 – 1999 and IS: 516 – 1959 respectively. In actual practice, test on workability of wet concrete are carried out to ensure uniform quality concrete only. Strength is not a measurable at that stage with the available technology. Therefore the concrete samples are to be cured for 28 days in normal method to arrive at the compressive strength and for necessary follow up action. It is not only difficult to dismantle the suspected portion of concrete at such a stage but also expensive in terms of time and money. Predicting the strength at the manufacturing stage, however, is yet to receive due attention of engineers. Hence, any new approach that is capable of predicting reliably the compressive strength of hardened concrete based on the properties of the ingredients and the wet concrete will be helpful to practicing engineers. Besides, such tests could be performed with the same ease as the workability tests.
Dinesh W. Gawatre PG Student, Department of Civil
Engineering, Y.C.C.E. Nagpuri, , Maharashtra, India
E-dinesh_gawatre@rediffmail.com
investigated. Mixture proportioning was performed to produce high workability concrete (200- 240 mm slump) with strength of M20, M25, M30for the control mixture. The effect of FA on concrete properties was studied
by means of the fresh properties of concrete
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and the mechanical properties. i.e. Compressive strength.
The utilization of fly ash as cement replacement material in concrete or as additive in cement introduces many benefits from economical, technical and environmental points of view. Four set of mixture proportions were made. First was control mix ( without fly ash ).
fineness obtained from Khaparkheda thermal power plant , conforming to IS 3812-Part 1-
2003 the physical and chemical properties are given in table.
with physical and Chemical properties as given in table has been used in this experimental study.
(coarse sand) confirming to grading Zone III of IS:383-1970 was used in this experimental work. Its physical properties are dealt with in table.
Test Conducted | Cement | Hopper No.1 | Hopper No.2 | Hopper No.3 | Requirements as per IS3812 (part 1)-2003 |
Loss of ignition-% | 0.61% | 1.43 | 2.52 | 4.11 | Max. 5.0 |
Silicon Dioxide(SiO2)in percentage by mass | 20.78% | 56.02 | 56.05 | 53.11 | Min. 35 |
Silicon Dioxide(SiO2)+Aluminium oxide(Al2O3)+Iron oxide(Fe2O3) in percentage by mass | 20.785 +4.44% +2.88% | 88.89 | 88.76 | 85.20 | SiO2+Fe2O3+Al2O3 Min. 70% |
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) --- % | 3.66% | 0.55 | 0.19 | 0.54 | 5.0 Max. |
Total Sulpher as SO3 in percentage by mass | 2.75% | Below 0.1 | 0.32 | 0.24 | Max. 3.0 |
Calcium oxide (CaO)-% | 63.78% | 1.53 | 0.995 | 0.29 | ---------- |
Test Conducted | Cement | Hopper No.1 | Hopper No.2 | Hopper No.3 | Requirements as per IS3812 (part 1)-2003 |
Consistancy (%) | 22 | 27.5 | 27.5 | 25.00 | --------- |
Specific gravity (gm/cc) | 3.15 | 2.040 | 2.061 | 2.173 | --------- |
Setting Time Initial (min) Final (min) | 120 240 | 250 330 | 245 325 | 240 325 | --------- |
Soundness Test (mm) By Autoclave expansion method (%) | 0.8 | -0.0516 | -0.0502 | -0.0312 | Max. 0.8 |
Fineness % by weight | 45.55 | 24.45 | 2.70 | Not more than |
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by sieving (% Retention on 45 micron sieve-wet sieving | ------ | 34 | |||
Fineness ( Specific Surface) ( Sq.m./kg) By Blains Air Permeability | ------- | 229 | 320 | 536 | Min 320 |
Flow % | ------ | 15.0% | 14.0% | 12.0% | ………. |
Compressive strength (Mpa) 1) 7 Days 2) 28 Days 3) 90 Days | 34 44 | 19.00 31.00 46.00 | 20.0 34.0 58.0 | 31.50 47.00 67.00 | Not less than 80% of cement at 28 days. (Min.33 ) |
Property | Fine Aggregate | Coarse Aggregate |
Fineness Modulus | 2.406 | 5.04 |
Specific Gravity | 2.61 | 2.67 |
Water Absortion | ---------- | 7.2% |
The evaluation of fly ash for use as a supplementary cementations material (SCM),ie as a pozzalona ,begins with the concrete or mortar testing .The ordinary Portland cement ( Respective specimens were tested after 28 days for compressive strength. The mixture
proportions are summarized in table 4A, 4B,4C
OPC ) confirming IS 269 is replaced with the fly ash. The data from the fly ash concrete is compared with data from a “Control” concrete without fly ash. The water to cement ratio of each mixture therefore varies considerably as
0.35 to 0.50 in concrete. The cube samples were cast on the mould of size (150 x 150 x 150)mm for each M20,M25 and M30 grade concrete with partial replacement of cement with fly ash as 00.00%. 12.5% ,25.00% and 37.50% with water cement ratio were also casted. After about 24 h the specimens were de-moulded and moist curing was continued till the
in which the mixtures were designated according to the type and the amount of
cementations materials included.
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SR.NO. | CEMENT (Kg/m3) | HOPPER NO. | F.A. (%) | FA (Kg/m3) | CEMENT (Kg/m3) | SAND (Kg/m3) | AGG. (Kg/m3) | WATER (litre) |
1 | 383 | 1 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 383.00 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
2 | 383 | 1 | 12.50 | 47.87 | 335.13 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
3 | 383 | 1 | 25.00 | 95.75 | 287.25 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
4 | 383 | 1 | 37.50 | 124.47 | 258.53 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
5 | 383 | 2 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 383.00 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
6 | 383 | 2 | 12.50 | 47.87 | 335.13 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
7 | 383 | 2 | 25.00 | 95.75 | 287.25 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
8 | 383 | 2 | 37.50 | 124.47 | 258.53 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
9 | 383 | 3 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 383.00 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
10 | 383 | 3 | 12.50 | 47.87 | 335.13 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
11 | 383 | 3 | 25.00 | 95.75 | 287.25 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
12 | 383 | 3 | 37.50 | 124.47 | 258.53 | 559.00 | 1213.00 | 186.71 |
SR.NO. | CEMENT (Kg/m3) | HOPPER NO. | F.A. (%) | FA (Kg/m3) | CEMENT (Kg/m3) | SAND (Kg/m3) | AGG. (Kg/m3) | WATER (litre) |
13 | 456 | 1 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 456.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
14 | 456 | 1 | 12.50 | 57.00 | 399.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
15 | 456 | 1 | 25.00 | 114.00 | 342.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
16 | 456 | 1 | 37.50 | 171.00 | 285.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
17 | 456 | 2 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 456.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
18 | 456 | 2 | 12.50 | 57.00 | 399.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
19 | 456 | 2 | 25.00 | 114.00 | 342.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
20 | 456 | 2 | 37.50 | 171.00 | 285.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
21 | 456 | 3 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 456.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
22 | 456 | 3 | 12.50 | 57.00 | 399.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
23 | 456 | 3 | 25.00 | 114.00 | 342.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
24 | 456 | 3 | 37.50 | 171.00 | 285.00 | 540.00 | 1171.00 | 186.877 |
SR.NO. | CEMENT (Kg/m3) | HOPPER NO. | F.A. (%) | FA (Kg/m3) | CEMENT (Kg/m3) | SAND (Kg/m3) | AGG. (Kg/m3) | WATER (litre) |
25 | 479 | 1 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 479.00 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
26 | 479 | 1 | 12.50 | 59.875 | 419.125 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
27 | 479 | 1 | 25.00 | 119.75 | 359.25 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
28 | 479 | 1 | 37.50 | 179.625 | 299.375 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
29 | 479 | 2 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 479.00 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
30 | 479 | 2 | 12.50 | 59.875 | 419.125 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
31 | 479 | 2 | 25.00 | 119.75 | 359.25 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
32 | 479 | 2 | 37.50 | 179.625 | 299.375 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
33 | 479 | 3 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 479.00 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
34 | 479 | 3 | 12.50 | 59.875 | 419.125 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
35 | 479 | 3 | 25.00 | 119.75 | 359.25 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
36 | 479 | 3 | 37.50 | 179.625 | 299.375 | 534.00 | 1132.00 | 186.80 |
machine using cube samples as per IS 3812. Three samples per batch were tested with the
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average strength values reported in this paper. The loading rate on the cube is 0.1 mm/min. The comparative studies were made on their
characteristics for different concrete ratio of
M20, M 25 and M30 with partial replacement of cement with fly ash as00.00%, 12.50%,
25.00% and 37.5%.
Table: Compressive Strength test on M20, M 25 and M30 Grade of concrete
HOPPER NO. | SR. NO. | M20 | SR. NO. | M25 | SR. NO. | M30 | ||||||
HOPPER NO. | SR. NO. | 7 DAY | 28 DAY | 90 DAY | SR. NO. | 7 DAY | 28 DAY | 90 DAY | SR. NO. | 7 DAY | 28 DAY | 90 DAY |
1 | 1 | 20.15 | 27.71 | 28.30 | 13 | 21.63 | 35.85 | 36.89 | 25 | 31.11 | 41.78 | 43.26 |
1 | 2 | 18.22 | 23.50 | 26.23 | 14 | 17.63 | 30.82 | 29.71 | 26 | 29.03 | 32.15 | 35.70 |
1 | 3 | 17.92 | 24.67 | 28.89 | 15 | 17.92 | 31.41 | 33.63 | 27 | 27.70 | 34.97 | 40.59 |
1 | 4 | 17.92 | 22.97 | 25.34 | 16 | 18.82 | 26.52 | 32.00 | 28 | 20.74 | 28.75 | 40.00 |
2 | 5 | 20.15 | 27.71 | 28.30 | 17 | 21.63 | 35.85 | 36.89 | 29 | 31.11 | 41.78 | 43.26 |
2 | 6 | 18.50 | 24.60 | 27.56 | 18 | 21.56 | 32.60 | 35.71 | 30 | 29.50 | 35.70 | 37.49 |
2 | 7 | 18.37 | 27.27 | 29.78 | 19 | 20.74 | 32.23 | 37.04 | 31 | 28.50 | 32.89 | 41.03 |
2 | 8 | 17.77 | 25.34 | 26.52 | 20 | 18.87 | 29.04 | 31.41 | 32 | 21.70 | 29.19 | 41.04 |
3 | 9 | 20.15 | 27.71 | 28.30 | 21 | 21.63 | 35.85 | 36.89 | 33 | 31.11 | 41.78 | 43.26 |
3 | 10 | 19.00 | 24.60 | 28.15 | 22 | 23.64 | 36.60 | 39.26 | 34 | 29.78 | 33.64 | 43.26 |
3 | 11 | 19.11 | 28.30 | 31.56 | 23 | 21.48 | 33.56 | 38.07 | 35 | 29.78 | 36.89 | 42.97 |
3 | 12 | 18.07 | 26.60 | 26.97 | 24 | 18.96 | 31.26 | 32.45 | 36 | 22.52 | 32.45 | 41.18 |
test, flow test, Vee-Bee test etc but only used to
slump test . As per IS 1199-1959. Each sample was tested with various per potion. Values
reported in this paper.
HOPPER NO. | SR NO. | M20 SLUMP (mm) | SR NO. | M25 SLUMP (mm) | SR NO. | M30 SLUMP (mm) |
1 | 1 | 70 | 13 | 68 | 25 | 55 |
1 | 2 | 67 | 14 | 60 | 26 | 53 |
1 | 3 | 64 | 15 | 61 | 27 | 45 |
1 | 4 | 55 | 16 | 56 | 28 | 43 |
2 | 5 | 70 | 17 | 68 | 29 | 55 |
2 | 6 | 50 | 18 | 66 | 30 | 49 |
2 | 7 | 30 | 19 | 62 | 31 | 50 |
2 | 8 | 30 | 20 | 60 | 32 | 45 |
3 | 9 | 70 | 21 | 70 | 33 | 55 |
3 | 10 | 80 | 22 | 68 | 34 | 50 |
3 | 11 | 70 | 23 | 65 | 35 | 49 |
3 | 12 | 39 | 24 | 56 | 36 | 47 |
All the 36 mixtures were tested for their corresponding properties and their results were shown in tables. Adequate strength developments were found in concrete made of
the mixed cement and various fineness of fly
ash as cement replacement for 00.00%, 12.50%
,25.00% and 37.50% in concrete.
Extensive experimentation has been carried out to determine the effect of addition of
different percentages and different fineness of
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fly ash as cement replacements on workability characteristics of concrete. Based on the above experimental and analytical analysis the following conclusions can be drawn.
1. The incorporation of fly ash as cement replacement material up to 37.50% resulted in a reduction of density of concrete.
2. The replacement of cement with fly ash then the increasing the percentage of fly ash then degree of workability is decrease.
3. Based on the resulted obtained , it can
be concluded that the replacement of fly ash is affected by main factors also fineness of fly ash
4. The very fine material then its
compressive strength is high.
5. In this investigation hopper no 3 is very fine as compared to hopper no.1 and hopper 2.
6. Also the compressive strength is also
high hopper no.3 as compared to hopper no.1 and hopper no.2.
7. Generally fly ash cost is zero then
replacement concrete is economical concrete.
8. When fly ash is added in concrete , it not only improves long age strength of concrete but also makes the concrete very cohesive and there is overall saving of Portland cement.
9. The utilization of fly ash then to provide safeguard of environment.
SUMMARY:The paper has provided the comprehensive review of the various analyses of the paper on fly ash and fly ash concrete to investigate the concrete works and various methology of concrete and various testing also done by IS codes
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT: THE AUTHOR WISHES TO EXPRESS HER SINCERE THANKS TO THE GUIDE PROF V. G. MESHRAM SIR OF THE CI VI L ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, FOR HIS KIND SUPPORT & VALUABLE GUI DANCE.
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