International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 424
ISSN 2229-5518
Dynamic Power Generation and Control from Hybrid Wind-Solar and Foot Step Stand Alone System.
V.Prabhakaran, S.Pavithra, Muppidi Pavan Kumar, K.S.Mohammed Gohar Latheef
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n the Last few years, there has been an increasing demand for low power energy sources due to the development and mass consumption of electronic devices. Furthermore, the energy sources must be associated with environmental issues and imposed regulations. Electricity produced from the wind produces no CO2 emissions and therefore does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Wind energy is relatively labor inten- sive and thus creates many jobs. Solar energy in turn is availa- ble in surplus; especially in India we have solar power for 3/4th in a year. We take the responsibility of utilizing the renewable resources in our day to day life routine by this footpath power
generation.
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• V.Prabhakaran is currently working as Assistant Professor in Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering at Saveetha School of Engineer- ing, Saveetha University, Thandalam, India, PH-9884634252.
E-mail : prabhakaranprof@gmail.com
• S.Pavithra is currently working as Assistant Professor in Department of Electronics and Communicaiton Engineering at Saveetha School of Engine- rig, Saveetha University, Thandalam, India, PH-9884246585.
E-mail : pavithrra1286@gmail.com
• Muppidi Pavan kumar is currently persuing his bachelor degree program
in Electrical and Electronics Engieering at Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Thandalam, India, PH-8189886956.
E-mail : pavancool44@gmail.com
• K.S.Mohammed Gohar Latheef is currently persuing his bachelor degree program in Electrical and Electronics Engieering at Saveetha School of En- gineering, Saveetha University, Thandalam, India, PH-8189886956.
E-mail : goharlatheef1@gmail.com
The use of piezoelectric polymers in order to harvest energy from people walking and the fabrication of a shoe ca- pable of generating and accumulating the energy. An electro- static generator was also included in order to increase energy harvesting. A thin-film rechargeable lithium battery can be used to store the energy generated. In particular, electro active polymers are particularly interesting due to their low cost, flexibility, and easy integration into elements such as clothes and shoes. In this paper, electro active polymers based on β- PVDF have been used in order to fabricate an energy- harvesting system fully integrated into the sole of a shoe. The static electricity charged when walking is synchronized with the walking steps. As a basic study, they investigate the rela- tionship between the feet and the floor. The walking motion led to electrical charging and discharging due to triboelectrici- ty by friction between the feet and ground upon contact and when a foot was raised off the ground.
As days moves on the technological growth of the na- tion is getting increases which in turn provides new applica- tion for people. Increase in such application increases the power needs. Considering nations that are thickly populated like our country, the power consumption will be higher in
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 425
ISSN 2229-5518
quantity. Power generation for such nation is quite complex. To match these requirements, when these nations use the re- newable sources which are available in plenty will reduce the production cost and eco friendly. Solar and wind power gen- eration are common and environment dependant sources. In case of foot path power generation, the power can be easily generated in case of people crowding areas such as shopping malls and railway stations. Foot path power generation may power even the entire building at which it is implemented. It is highly efficient at thick populated areas. In future commer- cial complexes will be powered by this method as it is cost efficient.
PIC Microcontroller
LCD
DC Motor
Solar Panel
Wind Turbine
Battery
Voltage Monitoring Circuit
Foot Step design
Microsoft Xp MPLAB XCTU
as it rotates with help of stepper motor with the pitch angle position. When Wind blade rotates the Dc motor will convert to electrical energy and transmit to the controller and battery source. The controller will monitor the position where more energy is received and rotate the wind blade to that direction using Stepper motor. The Stepper motor operations are con- trolled in the Controller section. The same process is repeated for the solar power which is operated with pitch angle and power transmitted to both controller and battery. The energy consumed in the battery is processed for the load. The Feed- back from the load is sent to the controller to reduce the error rate.
Wind
Alternator
Dc Motor
Relay
Stepper
motor
Light
Indication
Battery Relay Solar Panel
Stepper Motor
Controller Process
LCD
Load
Only 35 single-word instructions to learn. All single- cycle instructions except for program branches, which are two- cycle. Operating speed: DC – 20 MHz clock input DC – 200 ns instruction cycle. Up to 8K x 14 words of Flash Program Memory, Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM), Up to
256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory. Pin out compatible to other 28-pin or 40/44-pin PIC16CXXX and PIC16FXXX micro- controllers. Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler. Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be increment- ed during Sleep via external crystal/clock.Timer2: 8-bit tim- er/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler. Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI™ (Master mode) and I2C™ (Master/Slave) Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-bit address detec- tion Parallel Slave Port (PSP) – 8 bits wide with external RD, WR and CS controls Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown- out Reset (BOR) Low-power, high-speed Flash/EEPROM tech- nology 10-bit, up to 8-channel Analog-to-Digital converter (A/D)Analog Comparator module with: Two analog compara- tors Programmable on-chip voltage reference (VREF) module
The Block comprise of two power sources like solar and wind power. Wind Alternator will absorb the wind power
Programmable input multiplexing from device inputs & inter- nal voltage reference
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 426
ISSN 2229-5518
• 100,000 erase/write cycle Enhanced Flash program memory typical
• 1,000,000 erase/write cycle Data EEPROM memory typical
• Data EEPROM Retention > 40 years
• Self-reprogrammable under software control
• In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) via two pins
• Single-supply 5V In-Circuit Serial Programming
• Watchdog Timer with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation
• Programmable code protection
• Power saving Sleep mode
• Selectable oscillator options
• In-Circuit Debug (ICD) via two pins
• Industries
• Big malls
• Crowded place
A stepper motor is a brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full rotation into a large number of steps. The motor's position can be controlled precisely without any feedback mechanism, as long as the motor is carefully sized to the application. Stepper motors are similar to switched reluctance motors. For each half cycle alternate elec- tromagnets are energized which in turn will generate power.
LDRs are very useful especially in light/dark sensor cir- cuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, some- times as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically
• The battery is always fully charged because this sys- tem is a closed loop system.
• In this project we have to use all physical powers
which are abundantly available.
• One of the disadvantages of our project is the price of wind turbine and it creates some noise when they produce electricity.
Battery is charged continuously from renewable sources
Input voltage from the source is displayed on LCD Screen
When the input voltage is less than the threshold of the battery from one source, then an addition of volt- age from the next source is done for a better output integrity
When the input voltage is much higher than the up- per threshold of the battery then any of the source is disconnected in-order to maintain a constant current flow.
This paper is studied and analyzed with all possibili- ties of wind, solar and Foot step generation. Mechanical de- sign will be done for Foot step power Generation and wind turbine for wind power generation.
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5. L. M. Gonçalves, et.al says that (2010) “Energy Harvest-
ing from Piezoelectric Materials Fully Integrated in
Footwear ”.
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 427
ISSN 2229-5518
6. D.Howe, et.al says that (2007) “A low power, linear, per- manent-magnet generator/energy storage system”, vol.49, no.3, pp.640-648.
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