International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 4, April-2013 889

ISSN 2229-5518

Design and Development of Low Cost Micro

Hydro Power Station for Agro based Application

Hrishikesh. U. Patankar, Prof. Dilip. I. Sangotra.

Abstract— The aim of this study is to utilize the wastage of water energy supplied by the canals and hydraulic pumps in agriculture areas. In this study we will utilizes the nozzle type of arrangement to discharge pipe to supply the water jet to drive pelton wheel then the revolution obtained from the wheel will be increased by the gear box and then it will be supplied to the alternator which will generate electricity to drive agro based application.

Index Terms— Micro Hydro power Station, fundamentals, turbine, gear box, alternator.

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1 INTRODUCTION

ICRO Hydro power is probably the least common of the three readily used renewable energy sources, but it has the potential to produce the most power, more reli-
ably than solar or wind power. This means having access to a river or creek that has enough flow to produce useable power for a good part of the year. Many creeks and rivers are perma- nent, they never dry up, and these are the most suitable for micro hydro power production. Hydroelectric power plants convert the energy from flowing water in rivers and streams into electricity. Micro –hydro plants convert the energy form flowing water in rivers and streams into electricity. Micro- hydro plants producing less than 100 KW(0.1mw) have very low impact on environment. Micro-hydro power is recognised as a renewable source of energy, which is economic, non pol- luting and environment sustainable and ideal for agro based application.
Currently 2 billion people have no access to modern commercial energy. Rural electrification is recognized as a necessary condition for alleviating poverty, satisfying basic human needs, stimulating productive employment and in- come generation.

2 NEED OF MICRO-HYDRO STATIONS.

We are not unaware of the present situation of acute power crisis, which our whole country is facing, besides the world. The power requirements have sharply sprung up. Here in India, the duration of load shedding is increasing every hour. The situation is even worst in rural areas where the power cuts-offs are even as large as 14 hours a day. This evi- dently shows the urgent need to find some new sources of power.
The difference between the required and actual power is
35% at normal times and 50% at peak working loads. The de-

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 Hrishikesh.U.Patankar. M.Tech (2nd year) Production engineering in Yeshwamtroa Chavan College of Engineering, India, Mo-919673992082. E-mail: patankar.hrishikesh@gmail.com

 Dilip.I.Sangotra. Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

India, Mo-919326061219.

E-mail: dilip_0910@rediffmail.com
mand growth is predicted to increase at an alarming rate of as high as 20% per year. The reasons of such a supply shortage can be listed as-
 Under investment in power projects in last 15 years.
 Drastic reduction in the rate of power generation from 2003.
 ghHydro-electric generation dropped by 65%.
 Thermal power generation shot above 120GW-hr.

This is happened when oil prices rise by around 65%.

All these reasons have compelled us to find for some oth- er alternatives of generating low cost, effective and clean sources of power, with minimum environment problems.

3 FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID MECHNANICS

Impulse-Momentum Equation-

When liquid comes out from the nozzle in the form of Jet, it exerts a force on plates which is obtained by Newton’s se- cond law of motion or Impulse-Momentum equation; which states that-
“The impulse of the force F acting on a fluid mass m in a short interval of time dt is equal to the change of momentum d(mv) in the direction of force.”
F=(d(mv))/dt
The above equation can be written as-
F.dt=d(mv)
This is Impulse-Momentum equation.

4 TERMINOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH HYDRAULIC

MACHINES

Turbines are defined as Hydraulic Machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. This me- chanical energy is used in running an electric generator which is directly coupled to the start of the turbine. Thus the me- chanical energy is converted into electrical energy. The electric power which is obtained from hydraulic energy is known as

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 4, April-2013 890

ISSN 2229-5518

hydro-electric power.

MICRO-HYDRO POWER STATION

5 CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO POWER STATION

The Hydro Power System are classified based on the amount

Sr. NO	Type Hydro Power Sta- tion	Power Generation
1	Large Hydro Power Sys- tem	>100 MW
2	Medium Hydro Power System	15 MW-100 MW
3	Small Hydro Power Sys- tem	1 MW-15 MW
4	Mini Hydro power Sys- tem	100 KW-1000 KW
5	Micro Hydro power Sys- tem	5 KW-100 KW
6	Pico Hydro power Sys- tem	300 W-5 KW

of power generated as under:
Head; H=8m

V1= Velocity head available at turbine inlet

=
=15.34m/s
Assume: u1=0.45xV1
=6.903m/s
Where u1=Peripheral velocity of wheel u1=πDN/60
Considering Diameter of wheel D=0.503m
6.903=(π*0.5*N)/60
N=263rpm
Vr1=V1-u1
=15.34-6.9
=8.44m/s
Vr1=Vr2=8.44m/s Vw1=V1=15.34m/s Vw2=Vr2*cos-u2
=8.44*cos(20)-6.903
=1.03m/s.
Where Vr1=Relative Velocity at inlet.
Vr2=Relative Velocity at outlet.

6 CALCULATION (PUMP BASED)

Design of Pelton wheel runner

Vw1=Whirl Velocity at outlet. Vw2=Whirl Velocity at oulet.
Power developed by unit
Assuming Q=0.0.208 m3/sec.

P= P=(1000*0.0208*[15.34+1.03]*6.903)/1000
P=2.35kw.

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 4, April-2013 891

ISSN 2229-5518

Power developed by unit is 6.68kw
Q=a*V1
= (π/4(d1)2)*V1
Where a=Area of Nozzle.)
0.0208= π/4 (d1)2*15.34 d = 0.042m
Diameter of Nozzle is 42mm Number of buckets is given by Z=15+D/2d
=15+0.5/(2*0.042)
=20.98
No of Buckets; Z21

Design of Gears Box

Maximum power to be transmitted is P=2.35Kw
P=Wt x V Wt=P/v
=2.35 x 〖10〗^3/3.99
=588.97N
Where Wt=Tangential Load on gear
Selecting commercially cut gear
Cv=3/3+3.99
Cv=0.43
Full depth involute teeth
Lewis form factor is
Y=0.485-2.87 / T
For gear A Ya=0.1444
For gear B
Yb=0.1084
We assume static stress for forged steel’
0=220 N/mm2
For gear A
0a x Ya =220 x 0.1444
=31.768

For gear B

ob x Yb= 220 x 0.1084
=23.848
Since (o b x Y) for pinion is less than for gear pinion is weak- er
So we design for pinion
Wt=o b x Cv x b x π x m x Yb
=220x 0.43 x 25 x π x 3.05 x 0.1084
=2456.46N
Design of gear drive A-B
Na=263 Nb=1250
Ta=95 Tb=20
Speed ratio=4.75
Da=290mm Db=61mm
Module (m) = D/T
=290/95
=3.05mm
V=(π*D*N)/60
V=(π*0.61*1250)/60
V=3.99m/s
As the actual load 588.97N is less than the maximum permis- sible 2456.46 N
So the Design is safe.
Design of gear drive C-D Na=1250rpm Nd=5938rpm
Tc=95 Td=20
Speed ratio=4.75
Dc=290mm Dd=61mm
Module (m)=D/T
=290/95
=3.05mm

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ISSN 2229-5518

V=(π*D*N)/60
V=(π*0.29*1250)/60
V=18.98m/s
Maximum power to be transmitted is P=2.35Kw
P=Wt x V Wt=P/v

REFERENCES

[1] Study of the regulation of a Micro Hydroelectric Power Plant Proto- type(M. Chennani, I.Salhi, S. Doubabi)-Laboratory of Electric Systems and Telecommunications (LEST)

[2] Micro-Hydro electric power plant(Agustin Rojo,Jr.,Terrazas de Tintillo

#16, Guaynabo, P.R.00657)- United States patent Office.

[3] Micro Hydro electric system(Timothy Michel Toal, Sr.,2936 Noonan

St., Honolulu, Hi. 96818)- United States patent Office

[4] Mini Hydro electric plant. (filemon E. Estilogy) – United states patent

=2.35 x 〖10〗^3/18.98
=123.81N
Where Wt=Tangential Load on gear
Full depth involute teeth
Lewis form factor is
Y=0.485-2.87 / T
For gear C Yc=0.1444
For gear D

office.

[5] Low Cost Inspection for Improved Blade Reliability(Douglas S.

Cairns)-Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717

[6] Hybrid wind-hydro Power Plant-(Wasfi Youssef)- United states Pa-

tent Office.

[7] Regulation of a micro hydroelctric power plant – M.Chennani,I.Salhi.

[8] Fluid Mechanics and hydraulic machines by-R.K.Bansal

[9] Theory of Machines-R.S.Khurmi

[10] Introduction to machine Design V.B.Bhandari. [11] MASE Generators North America.

Yd=0.1084
We assume static stress for forged steel’
0=220 N/mm2
For gear C
o a x Ya =220 x 0.1444
=31.768
For gear D
o b x Yb= 220 x 0.1084
=23.848
Since (od x Y) for pinion is less than for gear pinion is weak- er
So we design for pinion
Wt=od x Cv x b x π x m x Yd
=220x 0.14 x 25 x π x 3.05 x 0.1084
=799.78 N
As the actual load 123.81N is less than the maximum permis- sible 799.78N
So the Design is safe.

7 FUTURE SCOPE

In this project the theoretical calculation of turbine and gear box design is done. Further the calculation of the de- sign of shaft will be done. Also the calculation will be done according to the power required by the applications and the working efficiency of the mini hydro electric plant. After that the design will built up in the cad model- ing software and then it will be analyzed and tested and then the final design parameters will finalized.