The research paper published by IJSER journal is about APPARENT MOLAR VOLUME OF STANNOUS CHLORIDE IN 40 %( V/V) ETHANOL-WATER SOLVENT SYSTEM AT 298ºK 1
ISSN 2229-5518
Ajita Dixit1 ,Prasanna Kumar Sharma1 ,Pragya Awadhiya2
* *
at 298ºK.The related parameters of density, like apparent molar volume (v), apparent molar volume at infinite dilution (v ), experimental slope (S v ), and excess
molar volume (VE) are calculated and reported. The large and positive values of apparent molar volume ( 0v) are for stannous chloride in 40 %( v/v) ethanol-water
solution, suggesting the presence of strong solute – solvent interaction.
IJSER © 2013 http://www.ijser.org
The research paper published by IJSER journal is about APPARENT MOLAR VOLUME OF STANNOUS CHLORIDE IN 40 %( V/V) ETHANOL-WATER SOLVENT SYSTEM AT 298ºK 2
ISSN 2229-5518
properties data have a well recognized importance in design calculations involving chemical separations, fluid flow and heat transfer. Studies on the volumetric and transport properties of binary liquid mixtures provide information on the nature of the interactions between the constituents (1). Thermodynamic functions of mixtures represent the difference between the functions of actual and ideal solutions, and thus are useful in the study of molecular interactions and arrangements. In particular, they reflect the interactions that take place between solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent. Stannous chloride is used as a mordant in textile dyeing because it gives brighter colours with some dyes e.g. Cochineal(2), as a catalyst in the production of
py c n o me t e r , b e a k e r , v ol u me t r i c f l a sk , D i g i t a l a n al y t i c al b a l a n c e e t c .
t e c h n i q u e w a s a p pl i e d t o pr e pa r e t h e s ol u t i on of d i f f e r e n t c on c e n t r a t i on .
D e n si t i e s of s ol u t i on s of stannous chloride
in 40%(v/v)ethanol-water at 298°K a r e
3
the plastic polylactic acid (PLA), reducing
d e t e r mi n e d u si n g 1 0 c m
d ou b l e a r me d
agent(2).Stannous chloride is also added as a food additive where it serves as a colour- retention agent and antioxidant.SnCl2 is used in radionuclide angiography to reduce the radioactive agent technetium-99m-pertechnetate to assist in binding to blood cells(3). Aqueous stannous chloride is used by many precious metals refining hobbyists as an indicator of gold and platinum group metals in solutions. Stannous chloride is studied in 40%(v/v)ethanol- water at 298ºK.The data of densities is used to analyse of apparent molar volume (v), limiting
apparent molar volume (0 ), experimental slope
py c n o me t e r . Th e py c n o me t e r w a s
c a l i b r a t e d a t t h e se t e m pe r a t u r e s w i t h
d i st i l l e d w a t e r a n d b e n z e n e . T h e e st i ma t e d a c c u r a c y of d e n si t y
me a su r e me n t of s ol u t i on w a s 0 . 0 0 0 0 3 g
40 %( v/v) ethanol-water is calculated by the
following equation (4)
/1 =W/W1 [1]
*
(Sv), molar volume (V) and excess molar
volume(VE) .
Where, W and W1 are weight of stannous chloride in acetone-water respectively. is density of stannous chloride and 1 is density of ethanol-water solution . Densities of stannous chloride solutions, determined as a function of their concentration a 298 °K temperature in 40
%(v/v)ethanol-water solution . The densities of solute were obtained as an intercept of plot between concentration and density of solutions (using Microsoft Excel). The data is reported in Table -1.
IJSER © 2013 http://www.ijser.org
The research paper published by IJSER journal is about APPARENT MOLAR VOLUME OF STANNOUS CHLORIDE IN 40 %( V/V) ETHANOL-WATER SOLVENT SYSTEM AT 298ºK 3
ISSN 2229-5518
Table-1. Densities, , of stannous chloride in
40%(v/v)ethanol-water at 298°K.
Concentration (Mol.L-1)c | Density (Kg.M-1) |
0.1000 0.2000 0.3000 0.4000 0.5000 0.6000 0.7000 0.8000 0.9000 1.0000 | 0.9651 0.9793 0.9604 1.0314 1.0453 1.0514 1.0587 1.0876 1.0981 1.1137 |
Apparent molar volume, v, is calculated by following the equation (5)
v = (1-)/c1 + M/ [2]
Where, c is Morality of the solution, M is Molar mass of the solute, and1 Density of solution and solute. The result of v of stannous chloride are reported in Table- 2.
The apparent molar volume at infinite dilution
0
v were calculated by the method of least square
and fit to plot of v vs c1/2 in accordance with the
Masson’s (6)empirical relation ,
The molar volumes (V) of solutions are derived from the following expression (7),
V= (X1M1+X2M2) / [4] Where, X1 and X2 are Mole fraction of mixed
solvent and Mole fraction of solute.M1 and M2
Molecular weight of solvent and Molecular
weight of solute is density of solution
respectively. The data of molar volume of solution is reported in Table-3. Th e m ol a r vol u me of 4 0 % ( v /v ) e t h a n ol - w a t e r
s ol u t i on is 48.8718 . The molar volume of
stannous chloride is 201.1458 respectively.
K n ow l e d g e of t h e e x c e s s m ol a r vol u me i s
0 *
v = v +Sv c1/2 [3]
*
Where, Sv is experimental slope. The slope is
calculated by the extrapolation of the plots to zero concentration (using Microsoft excel). The positive and less negative values of experimental slope are generally associated with the solutes showing an overall hydrophilic character as in the present investigation. The values of apparent molar volume are reported in Table-2.
Ta b l e - 2. Apparent molar volume v, apparent
0 molar volume infinite dilution, v and
*
experimental slope, Sv of stannous chloride in
40%( v/v)ethanol-water at 298°K.
of i m por t a n t pr o pe r t y i n d e si g n , st or a g e
a n d h a n d l i n g f a c i li t i e s of mi x t u r e s .
Ta b l e - 3. Molar volume of stannous chloride in
40 %( v/v) ethanol-water at 298ºK.
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The research paper published by IJSER journal is about APPARENT MOLAR VOLUME OF STANNOUS CHLORIDE IN 40 %( V/V) ETHANOL-WATER SOLVENT SYSTEM AT 298ºK 4
ISSN 2229-5518
Th e e x c e s s m ol a r v ol u me ( V
E
) f or t h e se
1. V.Serheyev,Chem&ChemTech,5,(2011)
2. F. D. Bellamy and K. Ou Tetrahedron
s ol u t i on s a r e ob t a i n e d b y t h e g i ve n
e x pr e s si on (8 ) ,
E
3. http://www.goldrefiningforum.com/php
BB3
V = V – (X V
+ X V ) [ 5 ]
W h e r e , V , V
a n d V
a r e t h e mol a r vol u me
4. Millero, F. J.; “In Water and Aqueous
Solutions”, Horne, R. A (Ed) Weily
of sol u t i on , mi x e d s ol ve n t a n d s ol u t e
r e s pe c t i ve l y . P o si t i ve e x c e s s m ol a r
vol u me a r i se s d u e t o i n c r e a se d i n t e r a c t i on b e t w e e n t h e u n l i k e mol e c u l e s. A l l t h e va l u e s a r e po si t i ve . Th e d a t a of c om p ou n d i s r e p or t e d i n Ta b l e - 4.
Ta b l e - 4. Excess molar volume of stannous chloride in 40 %( v/v) ethanol-water at 298°K.
Interscience, New York (1972).
5. Klotz, I.; Rosenberg, R. M.; “Chemical Thermodynamics, Basic Theory and Methods”, 3rd ed., W. A. Benjanin: California, (1972).
6. Masson, D. O.; Phil Mag., 8, 218 (1929).
7. Kapadi, U. R.; Hankare, P. P.; Chavan, S.
K.; J. Ind. Chem. Soc., 77, 269 (1994).
8. Mutalik, V.; Manjeshwar, L. S.; Sairam, M.; Aminabhavi, T. M.; J. Mol. Liq., 129,
147 (2006).
The data of densities increases as function of concentration .The positive value of v indicate greater solute-solvent interactions. The values of
0v are large and positive for stannous chloride
in 40%(v/v)ethanol-water solution, suggesting
the presence of strong solute – solvent interaction. Th e e x pe r i me n t a l sl o pe of
st a n n ou s c h l or i d e i s p o si t i v e sh ow i n g i on - i on i n t e r a c t i on .
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