ICAST-2014-International Conference on advances in Science and Technology

"ICAST-2014 Conference Papers of Mechanical Engineering"

Pages   [1] [2] [3]
 

A Decision Support System to formulate an Aggregate Production Planning Problem[ ]


The Aggregate Production Planning (APP) problem is concerned with determining the optimum production, work force and inventory levels for each period of the planning horizon. The Aggregate Production Planning problem is a multiple objective one that involves many functional areas to create. This paper addresses an implementation of a Decision Support System that supports an aggregate production planning problem. Conventionally, a revenue function, a cost function and a profit function are selected to be the objective function for Aggregate Production Planning (APP) problems. Though there is a lot of research works on formulations of APP problems, there is no investigation, which formulates the most appropriate for APP problems.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADVANCEMENTS IN JET ENGINES[ ]


Jet engines are the one of the engines used in aeroplane or aircrafts. In starting jet engines were of high weights and that produces low thrust.Nowdays there are various types of jet engines are available. The jet engines can be made more efficient by using ceramic composite materials that weighs far less than metal alloys that they will replace. The major advantage of this type of jet engine that they can be operated for higher temperature, nearly 1400k in combustion chamber. This engine will reduce 15% of fuel that was consumed earlier and significantly reduces carbon emission from the engine. This engine can save nearly $1 million per year per aeroplane.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An application of Openfoam-Electrostatic Precipitator[ ]


This study is basically for flow analysis in ESP (Electrostatic Precipitator) as an application of OpenFOAM CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) tool, It introduces a new methodology and also reduce analysis cost. OpenFOAM as distributed and available to large extent, One can use available CFD code for different applications. Present flow analysis of ESP is one such application in porousSimpleFoam solver in OpenFOAM.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEAT TRANSFER OVER A FLAT PLATE IN LAMINAR FLOW USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS[ ]


The aim of this paper is the theoretical estimations for boundary layer thickness and heat transfer coefficient which is analysed using CFD with certain parametric functions and partial differential equations as well. Along with it the feasibility of the convective heat transfer coefficient for the calculations examined during their rendering certainty with CFD methods. The equations have been taken in validating and iterating the values achieved during the grid sensitivity analysis of the determination of convective heat transfer coefficients. For other coefficients the validation is done through analytical solution. While taking the accountability of the approach the local nusselt numbers as well as prandtl numbers are obtained which can be used in the analysis of flow. The results tell us that for the laminar forced convection simulations the convective heat transfer coefficients differed from analytical values by 7%

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prediction of EDM process parameters by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) - A Prediction Technique[ ]


Electrical discharge machining (EDM) process, at present is still an experience process, where the selected parameters are often far from the optimum, and at the same time selecting optimization parameters is costly and time consuming.The process parameters include duty cycle, pulse current, pulse on time, electrode type and gap voltage. Experiments were conducted using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model which adapts Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm has been set up to represent the relationship between output parameters and input parameters so that optimization results are obtained.The results showed that the ANN model can be used easily for prediction of output parameters and hence helps in optimum selection of machining parameters for the purpose of process planning and optimization of machining parameters in EDM.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regression and Variance Analysis of Submerged Arc Welding Parameters based on Taguchi L9 Array[ ]


Submerged Arc Welding is one of the major welding processes in industry because of its inherent advantages, including deep penetration and a smooth bead. Lots of critical sets of input parameters are involved in Submerged Arc Welding Process which needs to be controlled to get the required weld bead quality Submerged arc welding (SAW) process is an important component in many industrial operations. The research on controlling metal transfer modes in SAW process is essential to high quality welding procedures. Quality has now become an important issue in today’s manufacturing world. Experiments are conducted using submerged arc process parameters viz. welding current, arc voltage and welding speed (Trolley speed) on mild steel of 12 mm thickness, to study the effect of these parameters on penetration depth. The experiments are designed using Taguchi method (with Taguchi L9 orthogonal array) considering three factors and three levels.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warranty Cost Modeling and Analysis[ ]


For products sold with warranty, the manufacturer incurs costs resulting from the servicing of failures occurring under warranty. These costs depend on several factors, the most important being the reliability of the product. For planning purposes, the manufacturer must estimate the expected cost of warranty per unit sold and the expected cost per unit time over the product life cycle. This must be done in the product development stage. This article deals with models that may be used to obtain these cost estimates for products sold with free-replacement and pro rata warranties.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IDENTIFICATION OF VARIABLES IN TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: CASE STUDY OF INDIAN GAS INDUSTRY[ ]


The Indian gas sector is one of the core industries in India and has very significant forward linkages with the entire economy due to the rise in Total Quality Management (TQM) principles and practices initiatives taken by them. India has been growing at a decent rate annually and is committed to accelerate the growth momentum in the years to come. This paper identifies a set of macro variables for Total Quality Management principles in terms of Customers Focus, Leadership Commitment, Continual Improvement, Team Work, Management Structure and supplier Support and micro variables for the TQM practices in terms of Top Management, Employee Empowerment, quality and performance. These are then grouped into different categories for three major players of Indian gas industry. Based on a detailed analysis of extant literature, nine (9) micro variables were identified and a structured questionnaire was developed and distributed to the various managers ranging from middle level to senior level belonging to the different entities of the Indian gas industry. A total of 180 valid responses were received and they were evaluated on a five point Likert scale ranging from unimportant to most important. Statistical analysis was used to establish the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Factor analysis identified five factors each as TQM Practices and TQM Principles. Further descriptive statistics was used to find their importance in Indian oil and gas context. This work can help Indian gas managers and practitioners to understand the importance of these variables and their role in TQM principles in terms of Customers Focus, Leadership Commitment, Continual Improvement and Team Work.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Steel Industries and Six Sigma[ ]


This paper aims to address the problems that are facing a large steel company in a Developing country like India regarding defects in the end product. Initially in this paper the attention is drawn towards the proportion of the energy consumed by Indian steel industries and thereby their importance of improving energy efficiency in this sector. It is mentioned that the efforts for improving the process for energy efficient performance are already being done as a primary focus. The focus of this paper is on defect reduction which can be a small but very impactful measure when considered in a long term. By applying Six Sigma principles, the firm can identify the current situation that operations are in. Six Sigma DMAIC methodologies can be used in the project to determine the project’s CTQ characteristics. It defines the possible causes as a first step of implementation and then identifying the probable causes goes to the sources of variation. Paper can be useful for any company that needs to find the most cost efficient way to improve and utilize its resources through the reduction of defects.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FUZZY LOGIC BASED DRILLING CONTROL PROCESS[ ]


Fuzzy logic is defined as a perfect mathematical theory of inaccurate reasoning processes for human in linguistic terms it will allows us model for reasoning process. The reduction in crude material and labour attrition due to the continuing search the control of industrial manufacturing process is of great economic import from last two decades, the use of intelligent manufacturing system, which is the next step in the monitoring manufacturing process, has been researched through the application of artificial neural networks. In this paper, the fuzzy logic model has been used in the drilling operation to select drilling speed for two different materials. The bearing concern between a given material hardness and drilling speed can be described and evaluated by the fuzzy relation for different cutting tool materials and different whole diameters and feed rates. The application of the developed fuzzy models an example is given to express and verify. The results obtained by from machining data handbooks are compared with the corresponding ones to shown decent fit.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
X Y Scanning Mechanism[ ]


Flexure mechanisms have immense scope in their use for applications involving high precision motion. There are many concepts to build high speed or high precision manipulators, but only a few of them can serve to obtain high speed together with high precision. Mathematical modeling of simple XY manipulator is carried out XY manipulator uses typical Double Flexural configurations. Static and dynamic analysis is carried out using MATLAB. Static analysis is carried out to determine static deflection of motion stage with force. It is observed that force deflection curve is linear. Dynamic analysis is carried out to determine frequencies and mode shapes of flexural manipulator. Further, Finite Element software ANSYS is used to carry out static and dynamic analysis of basic DFM configuration and few XY mechanisms. It is observed that close matching of FEM results with model developed

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Literature Review on Blade Design of Hydro-Microturbines[ ]


Microturbines have wide range of applications in power generation for domestic purpose like lighting, battery charging, for a small scale fridge etc. Large amount of research is in progress for improvement in design of Microturbine in terms of efficiency, self-starting ability and torque. This paper discuss the various types of traditional and hybrid Microturbine. It was found from the review that Darrieus and Savonius hybrid Microturbines removed most of the problem faced by traditional Microturbines.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thermal stress assessment for a hollow cylinder under asymmetrical thermal loading[ ]


A thermo elastic analysis has been carried out for a thin hollow cylinder under asymmetric thermal loading. The cases study includes variation of temperature in azimutal direction and in radial direction. A FEM model of the cylinder developed with the help software ANSYS has been used for the analysis. The temperature variation has been used as boundary condition to the problem. The analyses show that maximum membrane stresses from thermal loads is experienced by the cylinder at maximum temperature gradient locations and they are found to be well within the allowable stress limits.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Is there a way out for reducing mortality in India?[ ]


India has the highest road fatalities rates in the world. Therefore India should make reduction of road fatality on war footings with immediate effect, since India is considered as road fatality capital of the world now. Lakhs of people are being killed on the roads every year, and doing nothing for decades indirectly implies we are not doing anything constructive to sort out the problem at hand. Out of three essential aspects of road transport, the cars coming on the roads offer reasonable safety except some of the low end cars, still being sold without airbags. There seems to be no strict regulation of this effect. Second aspect of road transport, i.e., the infrastructure is too weak in two respects. The national highways form 1.7% of the roads; carrying 40% of the traffic and the quantum of expressways are negligible part of it. India lacks skilled man power and lack of will for carrying out the massive work needed to convert existing national highways in to expressways. And finally the driver aspect is the most crucial, as 85% of the fatal crashes are attributed to drivers and there is no deterrence of law to control behaviour of drivers in India. The lack of control speaks clearly about ineffective traffic regulation.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Advancement in Die Design of Equi-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) Process: A Review[ ]


Equi-channel angular pressing also known as ECAP is one of the most efficient process to impart high strength, hardness and toughness to the materials without changing its dimension by refinement of grains. But the conventional ECAP process gives drawbacks like buckling of extruding ram and surface defects. Hence there has been tremendous growth in the improvement of ECAP in terms of die design and in ECAP process. This paper describes the various types of newly developed dies used for ECAP process for reducing the plunger force or for the ease with which the process can be performed. The two newly developed ECAP processes, namely ultrasonic assisted ECAP and Torsional ECAP, are also described in this paper. It was found that various advancement in ECAP led to improvement in its performance characteristics.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Case study for Technology Fusion on Rise in Parking Woes as against Affinity for Advancement in Automobile Design & Manufacturing[ ]


Automobiles i.e. autós, "self" , mobiles, "movable" i.e. self movable devices meaning a vehicle that moves itself, that enable reduced human/animal effort providing comfort and speed of travel. History is witness to the ever changing scenario in automobiles, since the industrial revolution ushered in various scientific laws and machines that enabled new significant developments and therefore newer machines and thus paved the way for research towards improvement upon the two mentioned factors above viz. comfort and speed in travel. The research today has reached to such zeniths that even the parameter of fuel shortages due to worldwide dwindling resources of conventional fuels seems to have been tackled or on the verge of it by introducing new fuel energy resources/technologies such that automobiles can still be seen on the roads. But having speed, comfort, fuel in abundance i.e. renewable sources of course, are we having enough parking space/system to keep our priceless automobiles when not in use because estimated research findings say that on an average, a vehicle remains parked 95% of the time, occupying near about 50 square feet of primed space valued more than the cost of the vehicle parked.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Value Engineering an Effective tool for Failure Analysis-A Case Study[ ]


What has been stated implies that even in very advanced and competent companies, unnecessary costs are being generated. Further, that if we are to remedy this condition we must make a different approach in which both the functions and their costs are considered together to provide an overall improve- ment in value with benefits to both the user and the supplier of the product. In value engineering practice, areas of poor value are identified by analysis and studied at a very early stage in the design cycle, and at various stages right through manufacture to distribution and operation. At each stage the overall effect of any change is considered.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pages   [1] [2] [3]