Volume 6, Issue 4, April 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 4, April 2015.

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ANALYASIS OF MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM IN CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET USING PARTICLE FILTER[ ]


A particle filter is proposed to perform joint estimiation of the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and the channel in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) wireless communication systems. It marginalizes out the channel parameters from the sampling space in sequential importance sampling (SIS), and propagates them with the Kalman filter. Then the importance weights of the CFO particles are evaluated according to the imaginary part of the error between measurement and estimation. The varieties of particles are maintained by sequential importance resampling (SIR). Simulation results demonstrate this algorithm can estimate the CFO and the channel parameters with high accuracy. At the same time, some robustness is kept when the channel model has small variations

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ADJACENT CHANNEL INTERFERENCE COMPUTATION FOR COMPONENT CARRIER IN LTE-ADVANCED SYSTEMS[ ]


The interference analysis for the user equipment (UE) in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) system with carrier aggregation (CA), in which the UE receiver is affected by the interference. Owing to the characteristics of Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals, the slight frequency offset between a wanted signal and an interferer may result in quite different downlink throughput at UE, accordingly the interference level between component carriers (CCs) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) Adjacent Channel Interferer (ACI) was addressed related to the frequency spacing between them. In addition, the filters of receivers have significant influence on the capability of UEs in dealing with ACI. Base on the frequency response model of Chebyshev filters, the relationship between interference-resistance capability of LTE/LTE-A UE and the bandwidth of the receiver filter are studied. This paper discusses the interference between CCs and the adjacent channel interferer. By varying the spacing between central frequencies of interferer and its adjacent CC, the throughput on the adjacent CC is measured, and it is expressed as the relative throughput.

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Processing and Packaging of Hibiscus Sabdariffa for Preservation of Nutritional Constituents.[ ]


The storage of extracts of Hibiscus Sabdariffa is faced with the problem of contamination by bacteria which result to fermentation of the food drink and spoilage within a short period. To improve the processing of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces into drinks, the calyces were dry processed and packaged in tea bags under conditions that would preserve the desirable contents such as anthocyanins, vitamin C, protein and minerals. Varied weights of 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g were infused in 500ml of water at 80oC; Concentration of the extract was obtained from analysis of aliquots taken at 2 minutes interval on a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 520nm. 2.0g sample gave the optimum extraction at constant temperature. The extraction rate is more proportionally dependent on amount of calyx than temperature. The analysis of the nutritional constituents was carried out with the 1.0g of calyx infused in 400ml of water and the temperature was varied. The result showed that increase in temperature favours the yield of protein, calcium, carotene and phosphorous but does not favour increase in ascorbic acid content of the aliquot. The temperature range of 60-70oC is recommended for infusion such that the active constituents are preserved.

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Zeolite -Water Adsorption Refrigeration System[ ]


This paper presents the utilization of Zeolite 4A from for application in adsorption refrigeration systems. The refrigeration system prototype used in the test consists of two steel cylinders one containing Zeolite and the other containing distilled water at a pressure corresponding to the room temperature boiling point of water, three transport pipes having one valve each. The refrigerator was constructed and tested at the Mechanical Engineering Department, India. The lowest evaporator temperature attained was 9.8 deg Celsius with a C.O.P of 0.4.

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Development of Online Voting System using Minutiae based Algorithm[ ]


Voting is one of important task which has to conduct in a country for electing a government. But being such an important part hence it has to be manage securely and accurately. But the voting percentage decreases year by year because of inflexibility. Most of existing system studied suffers from high FRR rate. In this paper a minutiae based algorithm is used for designing a voting system which is implemented using combination of hardware and software. Minutiae based algorithm uses two fingerprint authentication which make system more secure. Proposed system aims to design a flexible low FRR rate system with high accuracy. The simulation result of proposed system is discussed in the result section. Also, the proposed is analysed comparing with the existing system considering the FAR and FRR rate

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Heat Treatment Methods Applied To AISI 431 Martensitic Stainless Steels[ ]


Martensitic stainless steels are widely used in industrial applications due to their ability to be heat treated to different strength levels, coupled with good corrosion and oxidation resistance. AISI 431 is one of the most potentially attractive steels in this class used extensively for parts requiring a combination of high tensile strength, good toughness and corrosion resistance. However, high alloy content of these steels causes the transformation to be so sluggish, and the hardenability to be so high, that maximum hardness is produced by air cooling. By applying suitable heat treatment procedures, the properties of martensitic stainless steels are greatly modified. This paper reviews the various heat treatment methods applied to AISI 431 martensitic stainless steels and their influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties.

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Solid Waste and Waste Bin Management By Using RS & GIS: A Review[ ]


Due to rapid increase in population and its urbanization problem of solid waste becomes a critical issue. Its direct impact on human health and environment makes it crucial one. In solid waste management proper allocation of waste bins and their collection plays an important role. Due to unavailability of bins at proximity distance waste is dumped at open spaces which create lot of environmental and health issues. These problems arise due to improper management of waste bins. This paper proposes a discussion about role of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in solid waste management and its use in waste bin allocation, waste bin allocation strategies and GIS for the optimization of waste collection and transport.

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Development of wireless sensor network system for LPG gas leakage detection system[ ]


Leakage of a gas in any sector may cause many health issues and hence in the work places it is to be cautioned against such disaster hap-penings by implementing a safety system that can make an early alert to the users. This paper describes the development of wireless sensor network for LPG gas leakage detection. The proposed design includes: an Arduino Nano microcontroller, gas sensor and a XBee. The sensor node will detect a minute concentration of the gas according to the voltage output of a sensor and also collects the gas leakage data thereby locating the specific area of the sensor node. XBee sends the data from gas sensor to the monitoring system that is displayed on LabVIEW GUI. A GSM module was as a communication tool between the microcontroller unit and mobile phone unit. The system could be installed at any remote place and could be controlled by any mobile phone supporting the SMS service. The reliability and productivity of the system are the key concerns and influence the design and development choices for the system in terms of the hardware and software designs.

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Characterization of tidal and non-tidal variations in the Chilika lagoon on the east coast of India[ ]


Analysis of water level data collected at two locations (Chilika inlet and INS) in the Chilika lagoon has been made to understand monsoonal variation of tidal and non-tidal characteristics based on the WTR tide gauge. Observation shows the variation of major tidal harmonic constituents (M2, S2) is caused by wind force, river discharge as well as bottom topography, whereas the variation of constituent is significantly related to seasonal climate change. The study results revealed that during the summer, the water level variation by wind force significantly occurs at INS compared to Chilika inlet, however, during monsoon the water level at both locations is controlled by river discharge. The amplitudes of tidal constituents are comparatively higher at Chilika inlet than at INS, and the tides are perfect semidiurnal at Chilika inlet, whereas tides are mixed, mainly semidiurnal at INS. Further study exhibited that the water level variation is dominated by tidal signal at Chilika inlet than at INS. The non-tidal water level varies seasonally at the both locations that caused by river discharge during monsoon and that by wind force during summer. Analysis of the water level data indicated that the variation in seasonal tidal propagation at the INS and Chilika inlet is due to the different bottom topography. Spectral analysis of water level revealed peak energy was at higher frequencies with lower amplitude during summer due to the wind effect, whereas the peak energy was at lower frequency with higher amplitude during monsoon due to river discharge.

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Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) Analysis of Francis Turbine for High Head Operations[ ]


Pakistan’s major electric production is from hydro-turbines in which Francis Hydro-turbines are situated at Warsak, Ghazi Brotha, Terbela and Mangla. In the presented work Mangla power plant’s Francis Turbine is analyzed for high head operations as head variations are usual throught the year in this reservoir. In floody conditions turbines have to operate at overload conditions sometimes non-designed conditions. These conditions are the causes of different dangerous effects effecting performance. In presented article safe mass flow rate zones are found for the maximum Head Water Level (HWL) which increased after wall raising project of Mangla reservoir from 1202 to 1240ft. Inlet pressure at Francis Turbine blade increased dut the increase in HWL the reason why Mangla power plant faces some cases of blade damage in Floody conditions after wall raising project. Analytical found flow rates for the increased head are also checked for Flow Analysis where the pressure distributions were in the normal range in comparision with the recent studies on Francis Turbine. ANSYS CFX was used for Flow Analysis with K-? turbulence model.

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Adequacy Assessment of Air Quality Monitoring Stations in Delhi, India using Fuzzy Similarity and Fuzzy c-Mean Clustering[ ]


Air quality monitoring network (AQMN) has been designed by the air quality monitoring authorities to analyze the present air quality in metropolitan cities. Due to various factors including population growth, increasing energy demand, industrial growth, change in the land use pattern, and increase in number of vehicles; the existing AQMN may not always provide the best characterization of air quality in fast growing city. The objective of the study is to verify the fitness of existing air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) within rapid environmental change for fast growing metropolitan city of Delhi, India. A useful formulation has been presented to identify monitoring stations in existing AQMN in Delhi, India which provide maximum air quality information including PM10, NO2, SO2 and SPM; using cluster analysis which aims at reducing network density with a minimum loss of air quality data. In this technique, the existing air quality monitoring stations have been classified or grouped using fuzzy similarity measures. Non-linear mapping method is used to take decision for number of cluster and fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering method provides further classification of monitoring stations. Finally decision is taken based on the results of both fuzzy similarity measure and FCM.

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Sustainable Design of Wind-catcher of an Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger in Hot Dry Areas[ ]


The study provides a new design for passive cooling system using Wind-catcher of an earth-to-air heat exchanger (WEAHE). Increase space Wind-catcher and supply Natural lighting, Performs part of Wind-catcher into the earth. To take advantage of underground water to moisten the air movement paths in the walls, pipes and Air moves into indoor air column depending on pressure. After we found that Wind-catcher which has been used in traditional architecture for long periods has disappeared in modern housing after the emergence of mechanical ventilation and because the amount of air provided are few that do not meet the limits of thermal comfort requirements of the modern man. The studies are aimed at evaluating the performance of wind-catcher of an earth-to-air heat exchanger in improving the internal environment and reduce energy consumption in the hot dry areas, including the city of Baghdad. The study was conducted in the summer of 2014 the month of July, August, September For three days and two stages. First: To conduct field measurements housing in the city of Baghdad has a Wind-catcher optimizer deport 2.5 * 1.8 m. Second: constructing a model represents the first development of the model by adding vertical and horizontal corridors deeply 3m to move the antenna in the ground and a computer simulation using a numerical simulation program (CFD). Results showed during the summer to increase Wind-catcher clip offset by increased air flow and temperature has dropped about 18°C was outside temperature 45.3°C and improvement in the relative humidity to 23%, The coefficient of performance (COP) of WEAHE system in this paper difference 3.43-5.24 with the increase in air speed 1.5-3.5 m/s. This makes the new design WEAHE a means for self-cooling and sustainable source of Illumination day and reduces the consumption of energy in the hot dry countries such as Iraq.

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Occupational Noise Management in Small and Large Scale Industries in North Cyprus[ ]


The purpose of this research is to determine the level of noise exposure to workers and to recommend how to manage the occupational high level of noise by the usage of engineering method of controlling noise in workplace knowing that noise can not be fully eliminated, the use of engineering control(control from the source) is always a better means of managing occupational noise, this involves identifying the source and its adequate control , it has to do with the fundamentals and its practical application on machines and equipments that constitute noise at the workplace, in recent time no research of such has been conducted in north Cyprus. A basic problem is been analyzed in this paper using a plastic scrap grinder from an industry manufacturing plastics in north Cyprus.

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Effect of pollution and cleaning on photovoltaic performance based on experimental study[ ]


A practical investigation carried out at outdoor conditions in Baghdad-Iraq winter months to evaluate the effect of traffic air pollu-tion resulted from highways on the PV cells performance. I-V characteristics, cells’ power, and efficiency assessed for three cells. The results indicate that the air pollution may deteriorate the PV cell performance, even with a short period of two months of the cells’ outdoor exposure without cleaning. Also, the polluted PV cells’ power reduced to about 12% while the naturally cleaned cell lost about 8% compared to the clean cell.

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Effect of pollution and cleaning on photovoltaic performance based on experimental study[ ]


A practical investigation carried out at outdoor conditions in Baghdad-Iraq winter months to evaluate the effect of traffic air pollu-tion resulted from highways on the PV cells performance. I-V characteristics, cells’ power, and efficiency assessed for three cells. The results indicate that the air pollution may deteriorate the PV cell performance, even with a short period of two months of the cells’ outdoor exposure without cleaning. Also, the polluted PV cells’ power reduced to about 12% while the naturally cleaned cell lost about 8% compared to the clean cell.

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Pile Foundation for skewed bridge using slow and old machinery[ ]


Great Taj Mahal is built on well foundation. Well foundation can be constructed on the dry bed or after making sand Island. Cassions are relatively easy to construct provide sinking operations are smooth without much hindrance. Well foundation have many constructional difficulties, viz prolonged sinking period, tilting etc. These problems become worse and take more time when working season is winter. Especially in Indian Areas like Jammu & Kashmir where technology lacks. The only thing Engineers can do is to wait till working conditions become suitable. A case study is presented in this paper exploring the feasibility of pile foundation

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The Stability of DNA binding with Bisintercalating Anthracyclin: A Theoretical Study[ ]


The theory of cooperative transitions has been applied to explain the stability and melting behavior of bisintercalating anthracyclin (WP762) with herring sperm DNA. For implementing present study, the experimental models of Portugal et al.(2005) have been used. The transition profiles and heat capacity curves are best explained in terms of two variable parameters, namely nucleation and propagation parameters. The sharpness of transition has been examined in terms of half width and sensitivity parameter (?H/s). The conclusion of theoretical analysis recommended that the different parameters, for example, transition profile, heat capacity curve, sharpness of the transition and half widths are in good agreement with the experimental measurements

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Effect of Post weld Heat Treatment and Filler metals on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of GTAW and SMAW Weldments between P11 and P91 Steels[ ]


The aim of this work is to conduct an optimized conditions of the post weld heat treatment of the GTAW(gas tungsten arc welding) and SMAW (shielded metal arc welding) weld joint between P11 (1.1 Cr) and P91 (8.5 Cr) steels; using E9018B3/ER90SB and E9015B9/ER90SB9 as filler metals. The post weld heat treatment was conducted at 750°C for holding times 0.5, 1 and 2 hours for the evolution of the microstructure, hardness and Tensile Strength ; required for high mechanical performance; at elevated temperatures. The investigated results showed that: the optimum conditions of the post weld heat treatment is 750°C for 1 hour with E9018B3/ER90SB as a filler metal and post weld heat treatment at 750°C for 0.5 hour with E9015B9/ER90SB9 as a filler metal are the proper conditions to reduce the hardness of heat affected zone (HAZ) of P91 steel and regular Hardness distribution.

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Emotion Recognition from Speech: A Survey[ ]


Emotion recognition from speech is an important area in research that represents human-computer interaction. The main purpose of this paper is to present literature review of different features and techniques used for speech emotion recognition. The survey represents the importance of choosing different cla¬ssification model and features for speech emotion recognition. Speech emotion recognition databases are also reviewed in this paper for the purpose of identifying the number of speakers, language used and emotion classification till date.

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Automatic emotion recognition from speech signals: A Review[ ]


Automatic Speech emotion recognition has been a burning issue since last decade. Reserchers have been trying to develop a system more like human , emotion recognizing robots is an example of it. Speech has many parameters which have great weightage in recognizing emotion namely Prosodic and spectral features. Out of prosodic features namely pitch , energy and intensity are popularly used and out of spectral features formant Mel frequency cepstral coefficients are commonly used by the researchers worldwide. Further the classifiers are trained by using these features for classifying emotions accurately. This paper is an attempt to give a short review about the work on Emotion recognition from speech

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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF UPQC USING PI CONTROLLER UNDER UNBALANCED AND DISTORTED LOAD CONDITION[ ]


This paper is proposed to control the UPQC under the sag and swell mitigation using PI (proportional and integral controller) controller. The proportional plus integral is controller device that produces an output signal consisting of two terms, one proportional to input signal and other proportional to the integral of signal. In this, the optimal Hysteresis pulse width modulation technique has been found to perform the evaluation of UPQC. The simulation result is carried out by the use of Matlab/simulink software.

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Simulation of STATCOM for the Reduction of T.H.D by Using F.L.C[ ]


When non-linear load is connected to the grid, the non-linear load injects harmonics into the grid. The harmonics can be mitigated by introduction of STATCOM at the point of common coupling. The required pulses for the STATCOM can be generated by using Bang-bang controller along with fuzzy logic controller. The use of only bang-bang controller along with PI controller produces satisfactory results. Hence to get better results i.e’s reduction in the total harmonic distortion (T.H.D) we use fuzzy logic controller in place of PI controller.

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An Effective Technique of Detecting & Preventing Web Vulnerabilities[ ]


Here in this paper a new and efficient technique for the detection and prevention of security in web is implemented here. Since Web contains a number of sql injection attacks through which information can be fetched. Hence a new technique is implemented which provides successful attacks detection and prevention using IDS. The experimental results show the performance of the proposed methodology.

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Lens Detection System using Optical Augmentation[ ]


In camera detection systems, the detection of presence of camera is done but it is required to detect the position of camera where it is fixed to locate them. As these small sizes hidden cameras are used to capture images and videos, not only in trial rooms but also in defense, research laboratories, industries, etc without people’s awareness. In order to find them, optical augmentation principle is used as a powerful tool to identify the location which consequently yields lower energy prices with accuracy.

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Effective Parameters Analysis of Cotton Woven Fabric by Natural Dye Lawsonia Inermis - Eco Friendly Approach[ ]


The present study influences on natural dyestuff which is not kick in environmental pollution and undertaken to explore prognosticate than synthetic dyes. Natural dyes use are augmenting day by day causes of dyes has effective impact on fabric by different properties. The present study investigated that cotton woven fabric dyed with natural dye which is extracted from Lawsonia Inermis. The natural dyes henna influence on color strength properties with room low temperature. The result implies that this dye would not cause any retrogression effect on fabric strength. We got excellent color fastness properties by using this dye. We use one mordant coppers sulfate which much effect on fastness properties. With regards to current economic and environmental apprehension of natural dyes may be the unique way to get energy, water saving dyeing area of textile industry. Textile industry is committed to produce eco-friendly textiles in order to face the global competition. As a result, the concern for the environment has created a clamor for natural dyes compared to synthetic dyes in the textile industry.

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Factors Effecting Performance of Projects: A Conceptual Framework[ ]


A conceptual framework is developed to reflect key factors which affect the performance and outputs of projects. It is based on extensive reviews of literature, especially journals and books. The things which influence performance and outcomes were teased out in this process. Literature suggests that there are three main factors that affect project performance and outcome, namely organizational culture, project management culture, and the project manager. Some elements of organizational culture are values, norms, artifacts, and leadership. Some elements of project management culture are strategic emphasis, top management support, PM methodology, stakeholder’s commitment, communication system, and project review and learning. Some influencing aspects of the project manager identified are competencies and skills, capability, self-sufficiency, and leadership style. In order to highlight and show the connection between these three factors as well as prepare ground for a future investigation of how these factors affect project output, it was important to develop a conceptual framework that brings together these three factors in a logical manner. This paper focuses on the development of the conceptual framework and proposes lines of inquiry which can be researched further. The conceptual framework is particularly recommended to Abu-Dhabi Police to help improve the performance and outcomes of their projects.

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Spiral Hashed Information Vessel[ ]


In this paper, it has been tried to provide an insight into the information system of Universe as a whole comparing it with the information system in our local reference frame of observables. With the conservation of information been carried out by the SU (1) gauge symmetry group of Universe, it explains how the same information is decoded in two different ways by respective information system mentioned above. It also provide with an introduction of different information processing methodology of the Universe and how their is loss of information by different dynamical changes in Universe including red shift.

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Big Data Uses[ ]


Big Data has been new, newer thing, which would see few organizations leapfrog rest to be best in the class. Data have now been woven in each and every sector along with function within world economy, as well as has been important factors of production like hard assets and also human capital; much about nowadays economic activity simply might not take place without them.

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Corrosion Inhibition of Monel in 0.2N HCl Solution by Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane[ ]


This study deals with the inhibition of monel in 0.2N HCl solution by Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane by five concentrations 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm using electrochemical measurements using Potentiostat. Generally, the results of corrosion test showed that Tris acted as cathodic inhibitor because it was shifted corrosion potentials to more active values. Good efficiencies have been obtained especially in the presence of 600 ppm of Tris. Langmuir adsorption model was achieved, and gave good fitting. Cyclic polarization test indicated the decreasing in hysteresis loop of monel in the presence of Tris especially in the presence of 600 ppm. The small values of equilibrium constant of adsorption process and Gibbs free energy showed the physically adsorption of Tris.

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