Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2014 Edition

Publication for Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2014 is in-process.

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Hyponatremia in patients with heart failure[ ]


To see the frequency of hyponatremia in patients with heart failure in cardiology Department at Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad sindh Pakistan. Methodology: In this Descriptive Cross-sectional Study we included total number of hundred fifty patients of heart failure in department of cardiology Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from april to July 2013, Serum sodium level of these patients were sent and results were recorded on a preformed profarma, we included all patients who had heart failure. Results: In this study we included 150 patients of heart failure, we found 21.3% of patients have hyponatremia with 11.3% mild, 6% moderate, and 4% of patients have severe hyponatremia. . P-value was (0.032) and (0.01) significant in age groups, severity and no: of cases increased with increasing age, hyponatremia was severe in older patients, P-value was (0.81) insignificant on gender basis means there is no difference of hyponatremia in male and female patients. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is common in patients with heart failure, prevalence and severity increases with age, and there is no gender difference.

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Dynamic Resource Allocation For Cloud Data Center Using Live Migration Of Virtual Machines[ ]


Cloud computing permits business customers to scale up and down their asset usage based on desires. Numerous of the touted gains in the cloud model arrive from resource multiplexing through virtualization expertise. In this paper, we present a system that values virtualization expertise to allocate facts and figures center assets dynamically founded on application claims and support greencomputing by optimizing the number of servers in use. We insert the concept of “skewness” to measure the unevenness in the multidimensional asset utilization of a server. By minimizing skewness, we can combine distinct types of workloads nicely and improve the general utilization of server resources. We evolve a set of heuristics that prevent overload in the scheme effectively while saving power utilized. Trace propelled replication and trial outcomes demonstrate that our algorithm achieves good performance.

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Optimal DG placement for power loss reduction and improvement voltage profile using smart methods[ ]


Distributed Generations (DGs) are utilized to supply the active and reactive power in the transmission and distribution systems. These types of power sources have many benefits such as power quality enhancement, voltage deviation reduction, power loss reduction, load shedding reduction, reliability improvement, etc. In order to reach the above benefits, the optimal placement and sizing of DG is significant. In this regard, this paper gets use of the Bacteria Foraging Algorithm (BFA) and Binary Genetic Algorithm (BGA) to investigate the DG placement with the purpose of power loss and voltage deviation reduction. The proposed method is applied on the 33-bus and 69- bus IEEE test systems and the optimal place and size of DGs from the power losses and voltage deviation minimization are assessed. Also, the performance of the above two algorithms are compared with each other.

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Loss Reduction and Reliability Improvement with Optimization of DGs Placement Using Genetic Algorithm - A Case Study on the Electrical Distribution Network of North Kerman Area [ ]


Increasing application of DG on distribution networks is the direct impact of development of technology and the energy disasters that the world is encountering, Recent developments in the electric power and problems arising from construction and maintenance of large power plants have raised a great deal of interest in distributed power generation (DG). Distributed generation units due to specifications, technology and location network connectivity can improve system and load point reliability indices. In this paper, the placement and sizing of Distributed Generators (DG) in distribution networks are determined using optimization. The objective is to improve the reliability indices. The placement and size of DGs are optimized using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). To demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm, computer simulations are carried out on actual power network of Kerman Province, Iran and the simulation results are presented and discussed.

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A Novel Approach for Test Path Generation and Prioritization of UML Activity Diagrams using Tabu Search Algorithm[ ]


Software testing is highly vital to the development of any software. Testing ensures the quality of software and in turn increases its reliability and robustness. The prime focus lies in minimizing the expenses incurred in testing. To test software, the major problem lies in generation of test cases. Software specifications are the main sources for generating them. Software specifications may be UML diagrams, formal language specification, or natural language description. Testing professionals have now shifted their attention to UML. The software specification used in this paper is UML Activity Diagram. While testing the software, we need to identify all the paths in order to ensure complete testing. Test paths in software can be identified through existing algorithms. But the problem arises when we have to find out the most critical path among them as they are the ones most likely to be executed. In this paper, we have employed a Meta heuristic approach called tabu search to find out the path with highest priority so that it can be tested first. Identifying the most critical path increases, the testing efficiency.

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An Extensive Simulation Analysis of Flat Routing Protocols with 802.11b MAC Using NS-3[ ]


The field of Ad hoc network has gained an important part of the interest of researchers and become very popular in last few years. A mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) represents system of wireless mobile nodes that can self organize freely and dynamically into arbitrary and temporary network topology. Routing is the task of directing data packets from a source node to a given destination. There are many routing protocols in MANETs basically classified as Flat routing, Hierarchical and Geographical position assisted routing, in which performance of AODV & OLSR flat routing protocols has been evaluated. The main method for evaluating the performance of MANETs is simulation. They can be studied formally as graphs in which the set of edges varies in time. This paper is subjected to Ad-hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, performance with IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol in chain topology for various number of nodes and evaluated its performance. We investigated the performance metrics namely throughput, PDR (Packet delivery ratio), average delay and average jitter by varying network size up to 80 nodes through NS-3 simulation. Almost always the network protocols were simulated as a function of mobility, but not as a function of network density in chain topology. The main interest of this paper is to test the ability of AODV over OLSR routing protocol to react on chain network topology as number of nodes changes. The simulation is performed through the simulation tool NS-3(Network simulator-3) due to its open source simplicity and free availability. With the help of NS-3, result shows that AODV’s performance in average delay and average jitter metrics is better than OLSR.

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Television as a Method for Environmental Education Resources for Teachers[ ]


The present study aimed to assess the positive impact of television as a mass medium And yet popular in the development of environmental literacy education as well as the general public, including teachers took the class. The study of the nature and purpose of the applied research method is descriptive survey approach. The study population consisted of all teachers (male and female) secondary school in Tehran that the volume of 9899 divided the study population using Cochran Formula 370 of them, for example, of the 19 districts of Tehran and the sampling cluster were selected. Data collection, questionnaire content validity of the questionnaire, which utilizes environmental experts and Education, reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficients were estimated by 0/79. Data analysis using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean) and inferential tests (two-variable chi-square, gamma and multiple regression) and was conducted through SPSS software. The results showed that there are differences between watching media (television program), and the level of knowledge, attitude, behavior and environmental education teachers, and to confirm assumptions. The multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed, The multivariate logistic regression analysis also shows that due to the multiple correlation coefficient (R = 0.809) between the severity of the criterion variables and predictor variables was very strong and effective and Test (F = 12.839) with a significance level (Sig = 0.000) and the relationship between variables with% 99 confidence error less than %1 is significant.

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Detection and Classification of Transmission Line Faults Using Wavelet Transform[ ]


Proper detection of various faults occurring on the transmission line is very essential. In this paper, detection and classification of some these faults is done based on the information conveyed by the wavelet analysis of power systems transients. Maximum norm values, maximum detail coefficient, energy of the current signals are calculated from the Wavelet Toolbox in MATLAB/Simulink. Maximum norm value and energy of the signals detects the fault and threshold detail coefficient classifies the fault into different types such as L-G, L-L, L-L-G, L-L-L.

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Transient stability enhancement of induction generator using rotor resistance[ ]


Transient stability enhancement of induction generator is one of the main issues in wind power generator. During the fault in power system, rotor speed instability and voltage instability may occur. This paper investigates for transient stability improvement of induction generator after fault. Simulation result shows instability in rotor speed due to fault and by increasing rotor resistance how rotor returns from further acceleration.

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Design of Substrate Integrated Waveguide micro-wave planar directional coupler[ ]


Planar directional coupler using Substrate Integrated Waveguide technology (SIW) is proposed in this paper. The SIW coupler with tapered microstrip-SIW transitions are integrated on the same substrate. Planar form makes this coupler structure easily integrable in microwave planar circuits. These proposed power dividers can be applied to the design of the beam-forming network for communication system. This structure is designed with Finite Element Method (FEM) using HFSS on a single substrate of ARLON 1000. Simulated results are presented and discussed.

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Skin Texture Analysis Using Matlab[ ]


The objective and quantitative assessment of the skin is important in medical and cosmeceutical research. Assessment of color is an important element for analyzing the surface of the skin, which is usually determined subjectively by a doctor or using color analysis devices. These devices however cannot provide correct color information because color is construed from the mean value of the observation region, and analysis of color distribution is impossible. The purpose of this project is to develop an objective analysis method to permit skin parameters of each pixel. The project is focused on methods of skin analysis based on various algorithms which determine the color of skin. The tests are based on skin pixels on a combination of hue, saturation, intensity and RGB values of individual pixels. The detection of various skin parameters includes the detection of skin tone along with the percent improvement before and after the treatment. MATLAB software was used for programming and processing. Processed output was displayed on the monitor.

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Conceptualisation of Knowledge Discovery from Web Search[ ]


Knowledge discovery from web search is an approach to extracts knowledge from Internet using natural language processing (NLP) and search engine. Because of the inaccuracy results of keyword search in the internet, all studies of web mining method are trying to improve the accuracy or value of the information gotten from the web pages. Combination methods in WSD can do by different ways such as voting, stacking and so on. In this paper we present a Master- slave voting technique, that we will be use in our theses. This system composed of two parts as described below. We try in this way to achieve improvement by combine some slave methods in voting, to obtain high accuracy.

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Optimal Rendezvous Trajectory Using a Hybrid Approach[ ]


Genetic algorithms have gained popularity as effective search procedurs for obtaining solutions to traditionally difficult space mission optimization problems.

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Stretching the Limits of Image Steganography[ ]


Sending encrypted messages has always been an interesting problem for the humankind. In a digital world, image steganography is used to hide secret messages inside an unsuspicious image. Steganography is often used together with cryptography to further strengthen the encryption. Steganography is a Greek word meaning “Covered Writing”. This paper presents an overview of image steganography, the procedure of encrypting a graphic message in an image, the extent of information hiding possible and the error percentage related to the process. A new approach is proposed to maximize the amount of information that can be hidden. This paper also analyzed the significant drawbacks of existing methods and how our new approach extends the limits of image steganography.

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Multiple Antenna Selection of multi-Relay System using GSC Scheme[ ]


Due to the emergence of very high-data-rate wireless communications, the adaptation of traditional diversity systems is required so that some performance is sacrificed for complexity reduction. With this goal in mind, we investigate the performance of muti-antenna multi-relay system when the generalized selection combining (GSC) is used to select and combine a number of diversity branches. The performance is measured in terms of bit error rate (BER) and is evaluated for both amplify and forward and decode and forward protocols. The considered channel is a slow flat fading channel. The performance is evaluated for known and estimated channel. The channel is estimated using least square algorithm. The performance of channel estimation algorithm is measured in terms of mean square error of estimation. The result shows that a reduction in complexity and power consumption is achieved for the multi-relay when GSC is used at the expense of some performance degradation.

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Temperature distribution in two teeth in mesh of super gears in 3D FEM simulation and experiment.[ ]


This work introduces the temperature distribution on the two spur gear in mesh experimentally and simulation using finite element method.

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Ontology-Based Knowledge Representation of Homeopathic Products[ ]


This paper highlights the use of semantic web in Homeopathy; it relates the product and diseases. Our work provides a formal system level framework using semantic web which bridges the gap between homeopathy and healthcare sector. We have used Protégé and ISaVIZ tool for linking the two domains. We also used the SPARQL web page as a user interface to shown the ontology in the web page. Our work is helpful to the Ho-meopathic users and experts to selecting the right medicine on the basis of their symptoms and provides the knowledge about the homeopathic prod-ucts.

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Drainage of Excess Irrigation Water at El-Rabwa City, Giza Governorate, Egypt.[ ]


In arid and semi-arid regions, drainage of excess irrigation water is the next logical step towards improving water management in golf areas and reducing the environmental impacts of subsurface drainage flow. The urbanization and land development in Egypt started more than three decades ago. The construction activities extended from the narrow district in the Nile Valley and Delta toward the vast desert fringes. Desert soil is a problematic soil that may include expansive and collapsible soils, sandstone and limestone in one site. Groundwater related problems in such sites are due to the fact that the presence of water might not be taken into consideration during design and construction phases. El-Rabwa City is located in Giza Governorate at about 25km west of Cairo City. The goal of this paper is to undertake a study of the drainage of irrigation water considering both the topographic features of the ground and the subsurface layers that include impermeable clay layer with variable elevations. In addition, the study aims to investigate possible influence of the excess water on the foundations of the residential units. Hair fractures of some residential units were observed in the area. Excess of irrigation water was thought to be one of the most reasons of the observed fractures. A total of over 300 boreholes, supplemented by additional investigation boreholes, were reviewed. The geotechnical data of the boreholes were used to develop geological model for the site. The geological model of the site revealed the presence of top permeable layers (sand or fractured rock) underlain by impermeable clay layer. The surface topography, together with the permeability of the subsurface layers, determines the division of the excess irrigation water to runoff and infiltration water. The collected geotechnical data was used to study the topography of the subsurface clay layer that plays major role in determining the flow pattern of the excess water portion that permeate or infiltrate to the subsurface. The identification of both the topography and the geological models of the subsurface is a key factor in selection or the design of the alternative drainage systems for the excess irrigation water that are presented in the paper.

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Comparative analysis between Private Sector and Public Sector Banks in Mobile Banking in Different Cities.[ ]


The paper present the comparative study between the private sector banks and public sector banks in mobile banking in different cities. M banking is the provision of banking service through electronic channels and the customer can access the data without any time and geographical limitation. This paper identified the how much mobile banking adoption in different Banks in Different cities like jaipur, jhunjhunu, jodhpur in Rajasthan and metro cities like Delhi . Also comparative study of banks in different region to analyze ATM, Net banking, Mobile banking services used by user in that banks.

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Mathematical Model For Determination the Economically Justified Distance for Reactive Power Transmission in Electric Power Systems[ ]


This paper gives detailed analyses to help determine the increase in production costs due to the transmission of reactive power. We designed mathematical models to determine an economically justified transmission distance for VARS in electric power systems. Standard voltages and line parameters are used for the computations. This models used to compute the economically justified distance for VARS transmission from substation Haditha Dam substation to Qa'im. MATLAB computer programming is used to obtain the numerical results.

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Developing Leadership Skills among Professional Students: An Experiential Training beyond the classroom.[ ]


Developing Leadership qualities in professional students and career builders positions a great challenge to modern educational institutions and corporate world as well. There are several possible methods like Action Learning, (term which was defined by Revans in the early 1940’s) to enhance leadership qualities in professional students and employees among which Experiential Training has become popular and the best implemented training technique where participants directly involve in the training process. This training helps to transform the theoretical knowledge into a skill that motivates the participants to engross in practical application in a wide variety of activities & situations, tends to provide a stress free environment from conventional classroom learning set up, and focuses on interpersonal skills, which is playing a vital role in the corporate world.

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A Scope for Hope Brewster Place[ ]


The proud legacy of the African-American race is portrayed through the love, trust, and hope that women show in their lives. The struggle to survive unites these women with other African-Americans in history. The women of Brewster Place show that they can persevere, as the women who preceded them, through their relationships with other women. The Women of Brewster Place is a novel told in seven stories. Of the seven stories, six are centered on individual characters, while the final story is about the entire community. The primary characters and the title characters of each chapter are all women and residents of Brewster Place.

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A FPGA Implementation of High Security Hybrid Reconfigurable Cryptographic Processor with RSA and SEA[ ]


Data security is in Demand in everyday life of Digital World, since Digital data’s can be reproduced much easily. To achieve the maximum security required a Parallel Processing, User Reconfigurable Cryptographic RISC Microprocessor is proposed in our paper. Rather than protecting the data using tools and external codes, a microprocessor is specially designed in our project to offer maximum digital security. Cryptographic processor can be classified either as asymmetric cryptography or a symmetric cryptography processor. Asymmetric cryptography has the advantage of Reception security but has the limitation of High resource Utilization. And a symmetric cryptography processor has the limitation of single key security but comparatively has the advantages of low area, resource and power consumption. Thus in this project we are proposing Hybrid architecture in which both the advantage of asymmetric and symmetric cryptographies are combined. For implementation, Asymmetric RSA cryptography and a symmetric lightweight SEA encryption is combined to mutate a reconfigurable Cryptographic processor.

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PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF WOOD SPECIES CAVITIES PREFERRED BY HONEYBEES IN NIGERIA[ ]


Though woods remain the principal nest service provider to Apis mellifera Scutellata in Nigeria, a technical information/knowledge gap on the wood species preferred by the bees still remains. Therefore, investigation was carried out on the wood species cavities colonized by honeybees in Nigeria for a period of four years. 24 wood species belonging 15 families were identified. The predominant wood families used for nesting by honeybees were Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Verbenaceae accounted for 11.90%, 19.04% and 26.19% respectively with Adansonia digitata (Malvaceae) holding multiple nests. Other families include Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Arecaceae, Combretaceae, Irvingiaceae, Moraceae, Myristicaceae, Ochnaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Sapotaceae and Ulmaceae. Among individual tree species; Gmelina arborea cavities were most encountered (13.10%), followed by Vitex doniana (10.71%), Adansoni adigitata (8.33%) and Anacardium occidentals (8.33%).19 species were indigenous forest/savannah woods (trees), 1 exotic forest tree while 4 were agricultural tree crops such as palm. Results showed that honeybees significantly preferred Verbenaceae wood cavities (both living and dead). Families Apocynaceae, Malvaceae and Moraceae were preferred alive while others were preferred in dead state. The study further revealed that Nigeria honeybees have affinity for white and yellow coloured woods which makes them colour specific. Alternative cavities encountered were rock (primary rock), termite mounds and deserted rodent and soldier ants’ burrows. This study has therefore provided the crucial information required for the sustainable management of genetic bee’s resource. Finally, the availability status of the preferred wood species, ecological significance of honeybees as well as its conservation through the provision of desirable cavities deserves more attention than ever before.

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CARDIOVASCULAR RISK MARKERS IN INFERTILE SUBJECTS[ ]


A study was conducted to evaluate the cardiovascular risk markers in infertile subjects. There were 64 study subjects in the age group of 19 to 50 years and 40 age matched healthy controls. There are some data suggesting that infertility have an impact on the risk of CVD; the present study was carried out to evaluate the various risk factors, if any, among infertile subjects for cardiovascular disease and to quantify the extent of somatic DNA damage by Cytokinesis-Block Micronuclei assay and the results were correlated with various demographic (age, birth order, residence, religion, education, etc), physiological (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, semen analysis, abdominal obesity, PCOS, etc) and lifestyle characteristics (H/o chronic illness, smoking, drinking, consanguinity, duration of married life, etc). A significantly elevated level of micronuclei (MN) in the study subjects along with the above parameters is suggestive of increased risk of cardiovascular disease in infertile subjects. Modification of the lifestyle like dietary habits, exercise and changing sedentary life style is recommended for reducing the risk for cardiovascular diseases.

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Impact of Smartcard constraints on DBMS[ ]


Smartcards are the most secure portable computing device today. The first smartcard was developed by BULL for the French banking system. They have been used successfully in applications involving money, proprietary and personal data (such as banking, healthcare, insurance, etc.). Electronic ticketing in public transportation based on smart cards is gaining momentum worldwide. It is widely recognized that a smart card system can deliver benefits to both passengers and operators, but due to its complexity, implementation can come at a considerable cost. As smartcards get more powerful (with 32 bit CPU and more than 1 MB of stable memory in the next versions) and become multi-application, the need for database management arises. However, smartcards have severe hardware limitations (very slow write, very little RAM, constrained stable memory, no autonomy, etc.) which make traditional database technology irrelevant. The major problem is scaling down database techniques so they perform well under these limitations. In this paper, we give an in-depth analysis of this problem and propose a PicoDBMS solution based on highly compact data structures and query execution without RAM. We show the effectiveness of our techniques through performance evaluation.

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An Analytical Solution of 1D Navier-Stokes Equation[ ]


In this paper we present an analytical solution of one dimensional Navier-Stokes equation (1D NSE) for -Px=e-at-b using Orlowski and Sobczyk transformation (OST). The effect of pressure gradient and Reynolds number for different cases are studied.

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Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Nutritionally Programmed?[ ]


This review considers the metabolic and neuroendocrine responses that occur when there is an alteration in fetal substrate supply and highlight those specific responses that appear to have immediate adaptive benefit, which result in a permanent alteration of the developmental pattern of cellular proliferation and differentiation in key tissue and organ systems to result in pathological consequences in adult life.

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THE NUCLEAR “MUKKULAM”?[ ]


In the Early Universe “MUKKIL” shall be considered as the 1st generation natural Electromagnetic spectrum. “MUKKIL” shall mean “cloud of absolutely white radiations”. The cloud of “white spectrum” considered contains billions of “Rays” and each ray considered represents every initially “CREATED” matter exists in the universe. The white spectrum shall also be called as “J-spectrum”. In J-spectrum every ray considers containing fundamental particles called “J-particles”.

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