Inte rnatio nal Jo urnal o f Sc ie ntific & Eng inee ring Re se arc h, Vo lume 3, Issue 2, February -2012 1
ISS N 2229-5518
The Acceptance of Online Booking System (OBS) Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA): A Case of Sana’a University
Omar Abdullah M. Al-Maktari, Rozinah Jamaludin, Al-Samarraie Hosam
Centr e for I nstru ctiona l Tec hnology a nd M ulti me dia , Uni versi ti Sa ins Ma la ysia , Pena ng, Ma la ysia
Abs tract— This paper mainly w as conducted to measure the user acceptance tow ards the new online booking system (OBS) f or the meeting and seminar halls in the Graduate Studies of Sana’a University. TRA and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) f or indicating the user satisf action w ere also used to perceive the user acceptance level tow ards the developed system. In addition, the Sof tw ar e Development Lif e Cycle (SDLC) mode l w as used f or designing and developing the proposed online reservation system f or the meeting and seminar halls Af ter that, an online questionnaire w as administrated among 100 respondents Sana’a University to measure the vi sual aspects in terms of ease of use, usef ulness and satisf action. The result revealed that OBS t o be easy to use, usef ul, and f inally gained their satisf action.
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ENERALLY, Web applications are used to implement Webmail, online retail sales, online auctions, wikis, discus- sion boards, Weblogs, MMORPGs and many other fun c-
tions.
Nowadays, information and communication technologies
conclude different services such as e-mail, telegraph, telephone,
and the internet. However, the internet is the latest in long s e- ries of communication technologies [1-2]. As stated in [3] the term “an internet service presents a class ification of objects to perform a certain services to a different users”, this means that there is no accepted definition of this term. Since, society gener- ally known as a group of people who deal in a virtual environ- ment, adopting online services in various societies gives the opportunity to model and formulate contents [4-5]. Communi- cation services becomes one of the most important applications in the world for providing clients with the intellectual services [6]. The online booking system for the meeting and seminar halls will provide flexible and sustainable services for saving time and emulate mistakes. From the other hands, users are looking for an interactive and easy way to communicate and do their jobs via internet. The usefulness of the providing such a reservation services is to help administration staffs in their daily work by making their reservation up to schedule, connected, and generating reports easily [7]. The main structure of the web can change from other point’s targets. Most of these applica- tions are build and design based on a certain strategy to fit the expected needs and generate the user desires [8]. Different strategies units perform to varying levels against each other, and come at varying satisfaction [9].
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Rozinah Jamaludin is currently working as Assoc.Prof in the Centre for
Instructional Technology and Multimedia, USM, Penang, Malaysia. E-
mail: rozinah@usm.my
This paper mainly focuses on the existing booking system for the meeting and seminar halls of Graduate Studies at Sana’a University, which face several issues regarding the booking procedures that mainly performed manually. A questionnaire was administrated among 100 users (Lecturers and adminis tra- tive staffs) to indicate their opinion towards the current booking system at Sana’a University.
Different researchers achieved positive results with respect
to social norms (such as the confidence that comes with indi-
vidual's towards the using of online facilities) [10-11]. Venka- tesh and Davis (2000) acknowledged that by modifying the TAM (TAM2) through the integration of subjective norms [12]. This model accounted for 50 per cent of the variance in technol- ogy usage intention, indicating that there are other significant factors not yet identified. Meanwhile, the vast majority of TAM studies have been conducted with respect to employees, not consumers. Usefulness of using web application have been found to influence internet usage, but the more formalized ap- proach provided by TAM has not been widely used for measu r- ing the effected factors. O'Cass and Fenech (2003) began to study what factors affect this propensity in a negative manner i.e. what discourages individuals from adopting the technology. In addition with a growing recognition of the importance of researching attitude with respect to internet adoption the work of Bobbitt and Dabholkar (2001) has attempted to integrate the various attitude-based theories with external factors (such as the product/service category and perceived risks) to explain why individuals may choose technology-based self-service options [13].
TAM was used as a crucial factor in the use of computer tech- nologies. There have been several early researchers who pro- posed theories regarding technology and computing behavior that have withstood the tests of time, and remain us eful today [12, 14].
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Inte rnatio nal Jo urnal o f Sc ie ntific & Eng inee ring Re se arc h, Vo lume 3, Issue 2, February -2012 2
ISS N 2229-5518
Davis (2000) developed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for linking perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and the resulting impact on intention to use the technology. Davis stressed the importance in gaining an understanding of factors that influence technology acceptance. Figure 2 presents the proposed theoretical framework towards perceive ease of use, usefulness, and satisfaction towards the online booking system.
Independent Ddependent Ddependent
Perceived
Ease of Use
This paper was based on a quantitative study. The design process of research elements determines how best to construct a project that delivers these requirements. Design is first con- cerned with the specification of the research arch itecture that defines the major strategic components and their relationship, design involves reaching a balance between requirements that conflict with each other within implementation environmental constraints. Table 1 presents the respondents classification. 50 respondents were involved in this study. The respondents of the study were 78.0 % (39 respondents) male and 22.0 % (11 respondents) female. However, the majority of respondents were 35-44 years (52.0%). While 19 of them were 44 -54 years (38.0%) and 5 respondents were 26 -34 years (10%). 40 of the participants were lecturers (80%), while 10 of them were admin- istrator staffs (20%).
Online Booking
Perceived
Usefulness
Satisfaction
TABLE 1: RESPONDENT S CLASSIFICATION
Fig 2. Theoretical Framew ork
However, SDLC was used to design and develop the pro- posed booking system. Figure 3 shows the main functiona lities of the proposed system in terms of:
- managing the booking details by adding, editing and
deleting the booking information from the system da- tabase.
- retrieving and displaying the booking details to the
administration staffs such as; the halls reservation time table.
Client
Book a
Hall Chec k Availabili-
Questionnaire was administrated to 50 administration staffs
and lecturers from Graduate Studies at Sana’a University.
Normal collection method was employed to collect respon- dents’ perspectives on the proposed online booking system. Time constrain was arranged for three weeks of services obser- vation using TAM questionnaire. The requirements gathering process takes as its input the goals identified in the high-level requirements section of the project plan. Each goal refined into a set of one or more requirements. The data collected from the questionnaire items were analyzed using SPSS. The question- naire was evolved two sections; the first pres ents the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and satisfaction of the manual booking system (MBS), while the second section presents the
A
Select Hall
B C
Track Hall Details
Halls Database
perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and satisfaction of
the OBS. The proposed system was tested by runni ng the sys- tem on internet explorer with a definite server as well as local host server.
Descriptive statistics was calculated to describe the basic fea- tures of the data. It provides simple summaries about the sa m- ple and the measures.
Preview Hall Info
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Inte rnatio nal Jo urnal o f Sc ie ntific & Eng inee ring Re se arc h, Vo lume 3, Issue 2, February -2012 3
ISS N 2229-5518
Table 2 represents the descriptive statistic of the MBS for 12
items to perceive the participants perceived ease of use, per- ceived usefulness and satisfaction.
TABLE 2:
DESCRIPTIVE STAT IST IC PERCEIVED EASE OF USE AND USEFUL- NESS FOR MBS
Nevertheless, the obtained result from Table 3 shows most of the participants were agree that using OBS was easy to learn at Mean=4.0400 (SD=.66884), as well, most of participants were also agree that OBS helps participants to finish their works fas t- er and easier for Mean= 4.0600 (SD= .71171), and Mean=3.9400 (SD=.99816) indicates that organization of information on OBS screens is clear, Therefore, the majority of the participants found OBS to be easy to use, useful, and finally gained their satisfaction.
Furthermore, the obtained result from Table 2 shows that most of the participants were not sure that they were applicable to perform their task easily with the manual booking system for Mean=3.3200 (SD=.99877), as well, most of participants were also not sure that MBS service provides a very satisfactory ser- vices for Mean= 3.1800 (SD= 1.02400), and Mean=3.1200 (SD=1.00285) indicates that MBS required time for managing data, while other participants were disagree that they were satisfied with quality of MBS Mean=2.0400 (SD=1.02824), in addition, the majority of the respondents answers were aver- aged from not sure and disagree regarding the MBS. The result was initially showed that the majority of participants did not find MBS ease to use, useful, and gained their satisfaction.
Table 3 represents the descriptive statistic of the OBS for 14 items to perceive the participants perceived ease of use, per- ceived usefulness and satisfaction.
TABLE 3:
DESCRIPTIVE STAT IST IC PERCEIVED EASE OF USE AND USEFUL- NESS FOR OBS
Table 4 represents the correlation result between ease of use and usefulness variables towards OBS. They were .557** for per- ceived ease of use, .557** for perceived usefulness, and .234 for satisfaction, those variables are significantly in low and high correlated with OBS. According to Cohen and Cohen (1988), the
.557**, .682** and .234 Pearson Correlations represent the rela- tionship among variables.
TABLE 4: CORRELATION TEST RESULT
EOU | U | SAT | ||
EOU | Pe arso n Co rre latio n | 1 | .557** | .234 |
EOU | S ig. (2-taile d) | .000 | .102 | |
EOU | N | 50 | 50 | 50 |
U | Pe arso n Co rre latio n | .557** | 1 | .682** |
U | S ig. (2-taile d) | .000 | .000 | |
U | N | 50 | 50 | 50 |
SAT | Pe arso n Co rre latio n | .234 | .682** | 1 |
SAT | S ig. (2-taile d) | .102 | .000 | |
SAT | N | 50 | 50 | 50 |
**. Co rre latio n is sig nific ant at the 0.01 leve l (2 -taile d).
Most participants were not sure that they were applicable to perform their task easily with the Manual Booking System (MBS) with the Mean=3.3200 (SD=.99877). This indicates that MBS required time for managing data, while other participants disagreed that they were satisfied with quality of the MBS with Mean=2.0400 (SD=1.02824). In addition, the majority of the res- pondents answers were averaged from not sure and disagree according to the likert scale 1 strongly disagree and 5 strongly
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Inte rnatio nal Jo urnal o f Sc ie ntific & Eng inee ring Re se arc h, Vo lume 3, Issue 2, February -2012 4
ISS N 2229-5518
agree. The results initially showed that the participants did not find MBS ease to use, useful, and satisfier.
While the findings towards the OBS revealed that most of the participants agreed that OBS to be easy to learn at Mean=4.0400 (SD=.66884), OBS helps them to finish their works faster and easier at Mean= 4.0600 (SD = .71171), while organization of in- formation on OBS screens was clear at Mean=3.9400 (SD
=.99816). The result initially showed that the majority of partici- pants found OBS to be easy to use, useful, and gained their sa- tisfaction.
This paper was conducted to address the ease of use, useful- ness, and user satisfaction towards the OBS. An evaluation was conducted with 50 participants from Sana’a Un iversity lecturers and staffs to indicate their opinion about the current MBS. Then the result was collected and analyzed based on the descriptive statistic result and the correlation result for MBS and OBS. The result showed that participants were found OBS to be easy, us e- ful, and gained their satisfaction.
technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies,"
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[14] A. H. Segars and V. Grover, "Re-examining perceived ease of use and
usefulness: A confirmatory factor analysis," MIS quarterly, vol. 17, pp.
517-525, 1993.
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