International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 3, March-2014 1035

ISSN 2229-5518

Strategies for Enhancing Human Resources Management in Electrical/Electronics Technology Education in Ebonyi State of Nigeria

Dr. James E. Ogbu

Department of Technology and Vocational Education Ebonyi state university, abakaliki ekumajo@yahoo.com;0806240778

Abstract - This study investigated the strategies for enhancing effective human resources management in electrical/electronics (E/E) technology

education in Ebonyi state of Nigeria. Two research questions and two research hypotheses guided the study. The design adopted was descriptive survey. A total population of 28 E/E personnel in the state were used for the study, consisting of E/E educators/management cadre E/E personnel and none academic staff of E/E technology education in the state. Since the population was manageable, no sampling was carried out. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t-test statistic was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Found strategies include: the application of participative management technique, use of only technically competent administrators-not general educators, use of management by objective (MBO) and others. It was then recommended that in each specified strategy, effective remuneration and positive reward system should form the principal strategy for enhancing human resources management in E/E technology education.

I nt ro d uc tio n

Hor b y (2001 ) def i ned r es our ces a s t he s uppli es of r a w ma t er ia ls , na t u ra l or a r t ifici a l a va ila b il it i es . R es ou r c es a r e t hos e t hi n gs t ha t ca n be t ur ned t o f or help s uppor t or cons ola t ion i n t i me of n eed. R es ou r ces a r e a ls o r ef er r ed t o a s na t u ra l en do wmen t on i n di v i du a ls s u ch a s ingenu it y, qui ck wit or in itia tiv e (Da l e, 2000 a nd Ola it a n 1996). Henc e, hu ma n r es ou r c e c o nn ot es a va ila b l e men, wo ma n a nd c h i ldr en wit h t h eir en d o wment i ng enu it y, i nit ia t i v e a n d cr ea t iv it y. E n ea s a t or a nd N du ka (1 9 9 8 ) enu mer a t ed t h e hu ma n r es ou r c es i n a s ch o ol s ys t em t o i nc lu d e t he t ea cher s , none-t ea c hi n g or s u p p or t s ta ff, s t udent s , par ent s , commu nit y me mb er s , t he mi nis t r y of educa t ion offi cia ls , empl oyer s of la b ou r a nd ev en t h e s c ho o l a d mi nis t r a tor t og et h er wit h ot h er i nt er s gr ou p s . Aku ma (2008 ) d ef i n ed hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g emen t a s t h e p r oces s of a cco mp l is hi n g or ga ni za t io n a l ob j ect i v es b y a cqu ir i ng, d ev el op in g, r et a in i n g, p r op er l y u t il iz in g hu ma n r es our ces a nd ter mina tin g its u s e i n a n or ga niza t i o n.
Ader ou nmu a nd E hia met a l or (1981) a s s er t ed t ha t hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g ement is a ls o r ef er r ed t o a s p er s ona l ma na gement a nd oft en d ef i n ed a s t he pr oc es s of get t ing qua lif i ed per s onnel t o pr ovi de i ns t r u ct io na l s er v ic es nec es s a r y for t he a chi evement of t he goa ls of t he s chool s ys t em. Invol ved r ol es i n hu m a n r es our c es ma na gement i nc lu de s c hool needs a s s es s ment; s electio n a n d r ecr u it ment of p r ofes s i o na l ly qu a lif i ed s t a ff; st a ff or ient a t io n; s t a ff r emu n er a t ion a nd mot i va t io n; s t aff p r omot io n; s t a ff d ev el op ment , s t a ff r et ent io n; s t a ff tra ns fer ; s t a ff eva lu a t ion a nd i f need be t er mi na t ion of s t a ff a p p oi nt ment . Hu ma n r es our c es ma na gement is t he mos t t a s ki ng a nd cr it ical as p ect of an y or gan izat io nal manag ement a nd a dmi nis t r at ion du e t o t he a bove r ol es a nd t he a s s ocia t ed comp l exit i es ( Akpa n , 1995 and P er et omod e 1996 ).
T hes e c o mp l ex it i es a r e mor e p r on ou nc ed in el ect r icit y/ el ect r onics (E / E ) t ec hnol ogy edu ca t i on b eca u s e of ext r a t echnica l det a i ls and co mp lex ities inv o lv ed. E lectr ic ity/E lectr on ics
(E / E ) t ec hnol ogy educa t ion is t he a s pect of

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t ec hnol ogy a nd voca t io na l edu ca t i o n wh ic h d ea ls wit h t h e s t u d y of t h e p r op er t i es a nd b eha vi ou r s of el ement a r y cha r g ed p a r t icles s u c h a s el ect r ons a nd pr ot ons , a nd t heir a pplica t ions in s ci enc e a nd t ec hnol ogy (S hepher ed, M or t on a nd S penc e,
1979). T he E / E opt i on of indus t r ia l t ec hnol ogy edu ca t i on p r ogr a mme a s o ff er ed i n N i g er i a n u niv er s ities c omb ines t he a s pect s of el ect r ic a l engineer i ng a nd el ect r oni c engi neer i ng t o p r odu ce s p ecial is t E / E t ech n ical t each er s , t ec hnol ogis t s a nd edu ca t or s . Hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g ement in t his f il ed is mu c h mor e c o mp l ex beca us e it i nvol ves t he ma na gement of diver s e pr ofes s i ona l a nd t ec hnica l p er s onnel wi t h diff er in g s k ill lev els , co mp et encies in du s tr ia l wor k- ha bit s a nd i ndi vi dua l diff er enc e. It wa s on t hes e not es t ha t Akpa n (1997) dec la r ed t ha t t he mos t difficu lt a n d time-c o ns u mi ng j ob of v oca t io na l edu ca t io n a d mi n is t ra t or s is hu ma n r es our c es ma na gement whic h b or der on per s onnel hir er i ng, pr omot i on, ca pa cit y buil di ng, r emu n er a t ion, i nt er a ct io n wit h t ra d e u n i ons a n d t er mi na t in g a p p oi nt ment s .
T he p r ob l em of t h is s t u dy is t ha t t his ar duous a dmi nis t r at ive funct i on ha d b een a ma j or s et -ba ck t o over a ll a dmi nis t r a t ion of t ec hnol ogy a nd vo ca t io na l edu ca t io n in N i g er ia , E /E t ec hnol ogy educa t ion i nclus i ve. O kor o (2 0 0 6 ) ma inta in ed tha t p er s on n el a d minis tr a tion or hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g ement is s o i mp or t ant t ha t t he qu a lit y of voca t iona l t ec hnol ogy edu ca t i on pr ogr a mme dep ends on t he qua l it y of hu ma n r es ou r c es i n t ha t ins t it u t i on a n d on t h e int er a ctio n/int er -r ela t i o ns b et ween memb er s . Unf or tu na tely, th is a ll- imp or ta nt a dmin is tra tiv e
fu nct i o n ha d b een n eg l ect ed es p ec ia l l y i n t h e
field of E lectr ia l/E lectr on ics E /E t ec h n olo g y edu ca tion in E b on y i s ta te of Nig er ia ; th er eb y hi nder i ng t he a c hi evement of t he s et ob j ect ive s . T her e is t h er ef or e u r g ent n eed for det er mi nei ng t he s t ra t egi es f or en ha nc in g hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g ement in E lectr ica l/E lectr on ics t ec h n olo g y educa t i on pr ogr a mme i n E bonyi s t a t e and a pplyi ng s a me f or t he over a l l t ec hnol ogic a l devel op ment of t he s t a t e a nd t he whol e na t i on- Nig er ia . T he gener a l pur pos e of t his s t udy is t o det er mi ne t he s tr a tegies f or enha n ci n g hu m a n r es our c es ma na gement in E lectr ica l/E lectr on ics E / E t echnol ogy edu ca t ion i n E bonyi s t a t e of Nig er ia .

Res ear c h Q ues tio ns :

T his s t udy wa s gui ded b y t he f ol lowi ng r es ea r ch qu es t i o ns .
1. Wha t a r e th e p otent tr a ditio na l a d min is tra tiv e s t rat egi es f or enha n ci n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na gement i n E / E t ec hnol ogy educa t ion i n E bonyi s t a t e of Niger ia .

2. Wha t ar e t he pot ent moder n a dmi nis t ra t ive s t rat egi es f or enha n ci n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g ement i n E / E t ec h no l o g y edu ca t io n i n E bonyi s t a t e of Niger ia .

3. Res ear c h H y po t hes es

T his s t udy wa s gui ded b y t he fol l owi ng r es ea r ch h yp ot h es es t es t ed a t 0. 0 5 lev el of s ig n if ica nc e.
H 01 : T h er e wi l l b e n o s t a t is t ica l s ign if ica nt di ff er en c e b et ween t h e mea n r es p ons es of E / E edu ca t or s / ma na g emen t ca dr e E / E per s onnel a nd t hos e of non-a ca d emic s t a ff of E / E t ec hnol ogy educa t i on in E bonyi s t a t e on t he p ot ent tra ditio na l a d min is tra tiv e s tr a tegies f or
en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g ement i n

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E / E t ec hnol ogy E duca t ion i n E bonyi s t a t e of Ni g er ia .
H 02 : T h e mea n r es p o ns es of E / E edu ca t or s / ma na g emen t ca dr e E / E per s onnel a nd t h os e of n o n e- a ca d emic s t a ff of E / E t ec hnol ogy educa t i on in E bonyi s t a t e on t he p ot ent mo d er n a d min is tra tiv e s tr a tegies for en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g ement i n E/ E t ec h no l o g y edu ca t i on i n E bonyi s ta te of Nig er ia will not be s ignif ica nt l y diff er ent .

Met hodo logy

T he r es ea r ch d es ig n a d op t ed f or t his s t u dy wa s des cr ipt ive s ur vey wit hi n t he a r ea of E bonyi s t at e of Ni ger ia . A t ot a l popula t ion of 28 E /E t ec hnol ogy educa t ion p er s onnel wit hin t he s t a t e es p ec ia l ly i n t h e s t a t e u n i v er s it y wer e u s ed f or t he s t udy. Out of t his p opula t ion 12 wer e E / E edu ca t or s / ma na g emen t ca dr e E / E p er s on n el whi l e 16 wer e E / E none-acad emic s t aff. E/E educa t or s i n t he popu la t ion wer e l ect ur es of t he st at e u ni v er s it y wh o j oi n ed wit h ma na g eme nt ca dr e of E / E per s onnel i n t he s t a t e coll eges a nd min is tr ies to for m th e f ir s t s eg ment o f th e popula t ion. T he ma na gement ca dr e E / E per s onnel wer e defi ned i n t his s t udy a s E / E p er s o nn el wit h ma s t er d egr ee or ha v e s er v ed up t o 10 yea r s wit h E / E B. s c or B. S c (ed). T he s ec ond s egment of t he popula t i on cons is t s of a ll ot her E / E per s onnel s t ar t ing fr om t he t ec hnol ogis t s not c over ed by t he a bove d ef i nit i on. N o s a mp li n g wa s ca rr ied ou t b eca u s e t his p op u la t i on wa s not t oo la r g e t o b e co v er ed.
S tr u ct ur ed qu es t i o n na ir e wa s t h e ins t r u ment u s ed f or da t a col l ect i on a s d ev el op ed by t he r es ea r cher us ing a four -point r es pons e
s ca le of : s t r on gl y Agr ee (4 ), Agr ee (3 ), Dis a gr e e
(2) a nd s t r ongl y dis a gr ee (1). T h e ins tr u ment wa s fa ce- va l ida t ed b y t hr ee ex p er t s : t wo of t h e m fr om t ec hnol ogy a nd voca t i ona l E duca t i on (T VE ) depa r t ment whi l e one wa s fr om mea s ur ement a nd eva lua t ion depa r t ment . T es t -r et es t met h o d of r el ia b il it y es t a b lis h ment wa s u s ed wit h P ea r son P r odu ct M o ment , c or r ela t i on c omput a t ion yi el di ng 0. 86. coeff ic i ent o f s t a b ilit y. T h e ins t r u ment wa s a d mi nis t er ed b y ha n d wit h t h e a id o f t wo r es ea r ch a s s is t a nt s. One qu es t i o nna i r e wa s wr o n gl y c o mp l et ed whi l e t wo cou l d n ot b e r et r iev ed, yi el d i ng 89. 29% r et ur n.
M ea n a n d s t a nda r d d ev ia t io n wer e u s ed t o a ns wer th e r es ea r ch qu es tio ns while s tu d ents t - tes t s tatis tic wa s u s ed to t es ts the h yp oth es es a t
0. 05 level of s i gni fica nc e.

Results

T he r es u lt of t h e da t a a na lys is wer e pr es ent ed i n t a bl es b elow in l i ne wit h t he r es ea r ch qu es t i o ns a n d h yp ot h es es . E a ch comp os it e t a ble s howed t he a ns wer t o a p ar t icu la r r es ea r ch qu es t i on t og et h er wit h t -cal for t he c or r es p o nd i n g h yp ot h es is .

Res ear c h Q ues tio n I

Wha t ar e th e p ot ent tr a ditio na l a d min is tr ativ e s tr a tegies for en ha nc ing hu ma n r es our c es ma na gement in E lectr ica l/E lectr on ics t ec hnol ogy educa t i on in E bonyi s t at e of Ni ger ia . Res ear c h H y po t hes is 1
T her e wi ll b e n o s t a t is t ica l s ign if ica nt
di ff er en c e b et ween t h e mea n r es p o ns es o f E/ E educa t or s / ma na gement ca dr e E / E per s onnel a nd t hos e of none-a ca d emi c s t a ff of E / E t echnol ogy edu ca t i on i n E b o ny i s t a t e o n t h e p ot ent tra ditio na l a d min is tra tiv e s tr a tegies f or

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en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g ement in E / E
t ec hnol ogy educa t i on in E bonyi s t at e of Ni ger ia .
T he r es u lt s t o t h e a na l ys is of da t a p er t a ini n g t o r es ea r ch qu es t i on 1 a n d h yp ot h es is
1 a b ov e a r e a ll p r es ent ed in t a ble 1 below:

T abl e 1

Mean r at i ngs , s tand ar d devi at io n and t-tes t s tat is ti c o f res po ns es o n t he po te nt T ra di tio na l

Ad mi nis tr at iv e S trat eg ies fo r

E nha nci ng hu ma n Res o urc es Ma nag e me nt i n E lectr ic al/ E le ctro nics T ec hno lo g y E duc at io n i n E bo ny i

s tate o f Nig er ia

S /N

I te m S tate me nt

Mea n

SD

t-ca l

Remarks

1.

Us i ng s i ngl e a dmi nis t ra t or t o a dmi nis t er bot h gener a l

educa t i on a nd E / E t ec hnology pr ogr a mme ha d bee t he ol d t r a dit io n a nd is s t il l p ot ent no w.

1.25

1.02

0.81

DA

NS

2.

F or mu la t i n g, p r op os i n g a nd ga i n in g a cc ep t a nc e f or

per s onnel p oli ci es a nd p hi l os op hy a r e t r a dit iona l init ia l s t rat egi es f or en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma n a gemen t whi c h ar e s t ill p ot ent .

3.42

1.26

1.37

AG

NS

3 .

T he t r a dit i ona l s t r at egy of a dvis i ng a nd gu idi ng gover nment / ma na gement on t he imp lemen ta tio n of per s onnel p ol ic i es a nd s t r at egi es by t he s chool a d mi n is t r at or is s t ill p ot ent no w.

2.82

1.01

1.22

AG

NS

4.

S electin g a nd r ecr u it ment of s u it a b l y qu a l ifi ed s t a ff for

ev er y p os it i o n is a tra dit i o na l s t rategy s till v ery p ot ent in en ha n ci n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g emen t in E / E t ec hnol ogy educa t i on pr ogr a mme.

2.92

1.33

0.88

AG

NS

5.

E ff ect i v e or i ent a t io n a n d in du ct io n of n ew s t a ff is a

t ra dit i o na l or con v ent io na l a d mi nis t r a t iv e s t rat eg y for en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g ement whi c h is s t il l p ot ent t o da y.

3.11

0.90

1.12

AG

NS

6.

E ff ect i ve r emu ner a t ion of s t a ff i n a ny or ga niza t ion is a

t ra dit i o na l s t ra t egy f or en ha nc i ng hu ma n r es ou r ces p r odu ct i v it y a n d ma na g emen t wh ic h ca n s t i l l b e p ot ent t oda y i n E / E t ech n o l og y edu ca t io n p r ogr a mme

3.85

1.01

1.08

AG

NS

7.

Aut ocr a t ic lea der s hip s t yl e is a n a dminis t r at ive s tr at egy

t ra dit i o na ll y u s ed t o ma na g e v er y d iff icu lt gr ou p of s t a ff or p er s onn el a nd t h is ca n s t ill b e p ot ent t oda y.

2.24

1.56

3.41

DA

S

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8.

S tr ict a p p lica t io n of ma na g ement t h eor y X is a

t ra dit i o na l a d min is t r a t ive s t r a t eg y for enha nci n g hu ma n r es ou r c es p r odu ct i v it y a n d ma na g ement wh ic h ca n s t il l b e emp l oy ed t o da y.

1.87

1.43

2.91

DA

S

9.

C a pa cit y bui ldi ng a nd pr ogr es s i ve in -s er vic e t r a ini n g of

per s onnel i n r es p ons e t o c ons t a nt t ec hnol ogica l cha nges a nd wor k-p la ce n eeds a r e tr a ditio na l s tra teg ies s till p ot ent t o da y i n E / E t ech n ol o g y edu ca t i on p r ogr a mme.

3.88

0.94

1.05

AG

NS

10.

E ff ect i v e a nd eff ic i ent c o mmu n ica t io n s ys t em wit h i n

t he s chool or ga ni gr a m is a t ra dit i ona l a dminis t ra t ive s t rat egy for en ha nc in g hu ma n r es ou r ces ma n a gemen t whi c h ca n s t i l l b e u s ed t o da y i n E / E t ec hnol ogy edu ca t i on p r ogr a mme.

3.15

1.21

0.78

AG

NS

11.

R egu la r pr o mot i on of d es er v i ng s t a ff, mer it a war ds a nd

u p gr a din g a r e t r a dit i o na l s t r at eg i es for en ha nc in g hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g emen t .

3.91

0.66

0.92

AG

NS

12.

P r op er or ga ni za t io n of p er s o nn el i n t h e s ch o ol,

a llo ca t io n of du t i es , r es p o ns ib i lit i es a n d wis e d el ega t io n of du ties a r e tra ditio na l a d min is tra tiv e s t rat egi es f or en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma n a gemen t s t ill p ot ent t oda y.

2.79

1.55

1.18

AG

NS

13.

E ffic i ent a nd eff ect iv e c on fl ict r es olu t i o n me t ho d a r e

tra ditio na l a d min is tr ativ e s tr a teg ies f or en ha nc in g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g ement wh ic h ca n b e p ot ent i n E / E t ec hnol ogy educa t i on.

2.89

1.24

1.03

AG

NS

14.

Ap p lica tion of d iv er s e s ta ff r etentio n tec h n iqu es to

a vo id b r a in- dr a in is a t ra dit i ona l a d mi n is t r at iv e s tr at eg y for enha nci n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g ement s t i ll p ot ent t oda y.

2. 68

1. 19

1. 23

AG

NS

15.

C ont i nu ou s s t a ff eva lu a t io n p r oc es s a i med a t i mpr ovi ng

t h e eff ect iv en es s of t h e s t a ff r a t her t ha n mea ns of punis hi ng t hem is a t ra dit i ona l a dmi nis t r at ive s tr at egy for en ha nc i ng hu ma n r ecou r s e ma na g ement whi c h ca n s t ill b e p ot ent t o da y i n E / E t ec h n o lo g y edu c a t ion in E b on y i s t a t e of Nig er ia .

2.66

1.21

2.96

AG

S

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Res ear c h Q ues tio n 2

Wha t ar e th e p ot ent mo d er n a d min is tr a tive s t r at egi es f or en ha n ci n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g em ent in E / E t ec h no l o gy edu ca t io n i n E b o n yi s t a t e of Nig er ia .

H ypothes is 2

T he mea n r es p o ns es of E / E edu ca t or s / ma na g em ent ca dr e E / E p er s onnel a nd t hos e of non-acad emic s ta ff of E /E tec hn o lo gy edu ca tion in E b o n yi s tate o n th e p ot ent mo d er n a d min is tr ativ e s tra teg ies for enha nc i ng hu ma n r es our c es ma na gement i n E / E t ec hnol ogy edu ca t ion i n E bonyi s t a t e of Ni ger i a wil l not b e s i g nif ica nt ly different .

T abl e 2

Mea n R ati ng s , Sta ndard Dev i at io n a nd t -tes t S tat is ti c o f Res po ns es o n t he Po t e nt Mo der n Ad mi nis tr at iv e S tr ateg ies fo r E nha nc i ng H uma n R es o urces M a nag e me nt i n E lec tri ca l/ E lect ro ni cs T echno lo g y E duc atio n i n E bo ny i S tate o f Nig eri a.

S /N

I te m S tate me nt

Mea n

SD

t-ca l

Remarks

1.

Du a l-cont r ol a dmi nis t r a t ive t echni qu e wher e t he mi nis t r y

of t ec hn o l o gy edu ca t io n is s ep a ra t ed fr o m t ha t of g en er a l edu ca t i on is mo d er n a d min is t r a t ive s t ra t eg y for en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g ement in E / E t ec h nol ogy E duca t ion.

3.44

1.07

1.03

AG

NS

2.

Du a l-cont r ol a dmi nis t r a t ive met hod wher e gener a l

educa t i on a dmi nis t ra t or s wil l never a dmi nis t er t he a ffa ir s of t echnol ogy ba s ed educa t i on a t a ll l evels of educa t ion is a p ot ent s tr at eg y.

3.31

0.86

0.93

AG

NS

3.

Du a l-co nt r ol a d mi n is t r at iv e met hod wher e onl y

t ec hni ca ll y qua li fi ed, c omp et ent a nd pr oven a d min is tr ator s /edu ca tor s ar e a p p oint ed t o a d min is t er t h e a ffa irs of t ec h n ol o g y b a s ed edu ca t i on es p ec ia ll y E / E edu ca t i on is a p ot ent moder n s t ra t egy.

3.81

1.11

1.06

AG

NS

4.

E ff ect i ve a pplica t i on of PPBS M (pla nning, P r ogr a mmi n g, Budget ing s ys t em model) a dmi nis t r at ive t ec hni qu e is a p ot ent mo d er n s t r at eg y f or enha n ci n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na gement i n E / E t echnology edu ca t io n.

2.83

1.04

1.01

AG

NS

5.

M a na gement B y Ob jectiv e (M BO) is a mod er n

colla bor a t ive a dmi nis t ra t ive s t ra t egy pot ent i n enha nc i ng hu ma n r es our ces ma na gement i n E / E t echnology edu ca t i on.

2.92

1.22

1.20

AG

NS

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6.

E ff ect i v e ap p lica t i on of p r o gr a mme E va lu a t io n R ev i ew

M od el (P E R M ) is a mo d er n a d mi nis t r a t ive s t ra t eg y is p ot ent i n en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g em ent in E / E edu ca t i on.

2.74

1.56

1.17

AG

NS

7.

E ff ectiv e u tiliza tion of ma na g emen t inf or ma tio n s ys t e m

(M IS ) is a moder n a dmi nis t r a t ive s t ra t egy for enha nc i ng hu ma n r es our ces ma na gement i n E / E t echnology edu ca t i on p r ogr a mme.

3.56

0.97

0.88

AG

NS

8.

Ut i l iza t io n of op er a t ions r es ea r ch mo d el (O R M ) is a

moder n a dmi nis t r at ive s t ra t egy pot ent i n en ha nc i ng hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g ement i n E / E t echnology edu ca t i on

3.03

1.18

1.07

AG

NS

9.

E ff ect i ve a pplica t ion o f z er o-ba s ed Bu dget i ng M odel

(Z BBM ) is a moder n a dmi nis t r a t ive s t ra t egy pot ent i n en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r ce ma na g emen t i n E / E t ec hnol ogy educa t i on.

2.68

1.12

2.46

AG

NS

10.

E ff ectiv e u tiliza tio n of cr itica l p a th meth o d ( C P M ) a nd

T ime E s tima te (T E ) or cr itica l p a th a na lys is mo d er n a dmi nis t r ativ e s tra teg ies ar e p ot ent for en ha n ci n g hu ma n r es our c es ma na gement in E / E t echnol ogy educa t i on p r ogr a mme.

2.89

1.31

1.37

AG

NS

11.

E ff ect i ve a ppli ca t ion of t he s ys t ems Appr oa ch M et hod

(S AM ) moder n a dmi nis t r at ive s t ra t egy is pot ent i n en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g ement in E / E t ec hnol ogy educa t i on pr ogr a mmes .

3.77

0.35

1.20

Ag

NS

12.

Ut i l iza t io n of D elp hi T ec hn i qu e (DT ) mo d er n

a d mi n is t r at iv e s t r at eg y is p ot ent i n en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es our c es ma na gement i n E / E t echnol ogy educa t ion

2.79

0.81

0.41

AG

NS

13.

P art icip a t iv e ma na g ement T ech n i qu e (P MT ) a dmi nis t r at ive s t r at egy is pot ent i n enha nci ng hu ma n r es our c e ma na gement i n E / E t ec hnol ogy E duca t ion pr ogr a mme i n E bonyi s t at e of Nig er ia .

3.93

0.73

0.57

AG

NS

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K ey :

NT = 2 8 = T ot a l nu mb er of r es p o nd ent s
NAE / M = 12 Nu mb er E du ca t or / ma na g ement E / E
per s onnel
NNA = 16 = Number of none- Aca d emi c s t a ff
NU = 2 5 = Nu mb er u s ed f or a na lys is AG = Agr ee; NS = Not s ig nif ica nt DA = Dis a gr ee S = s ign if ica nt
t -ca l = ca lcu la t ed t -va lu e
t - T a b le = cr it ica l t - va lu e in t h e t a b le = 2. 07; df
Degr ee of F r eedom (12+ 13 - 2 ) = 23 a nd P < 0. 0 5
T a b les 1 a nd 2 s howed t he r es u lt s of da t a a na lys is wh er e ea c h r es ea r ch qu es t i on wa s a ns wer ed a l ong s i de wit h t heir cor r es pondi ng h yp ot h esis t est r esu lt i n ot h er t o sa v e t i me a n d s p ace. In all, 3 t hr ee it ems wer e d is a gr eed t o b e p ot ent s t r a t egi es for en ha nci n g hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g ement in E /E tec hn o lo gy edu ca tio n wh ile
2 5 wer e a gr eed t o b e. Als o 4 it ems ha d t h eir nu ll hypot hes is up hel d whi l e 24 wer e r ej ect ed.

S ummary of Find ing s

Ba s ed o n t he a na lyz ed da t a , t he fol l owi ng fi nd i n gs wer e ma d e.
1. T he t r a dit io na l met h o d o f for mu la t in g per s onnel p ol ic i es a nd gui di ng t heir i mp l ement a t i on wer e f ou n d t o b e p ot ent i n en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g ement i n E / E t ec h no l o g y edu ca t i on.
2. S tr ict a p p lica t ions of ma na g ement t h eor y X, a u tocra tic lea d er s hip s ty le a n d s in g le c o ntr ol wer e a l l f ou nd t o b e c ou nt er pr oduct i ve a nd th er ef or e n ot p otent s tra tegies .
3. E ff ect i ve r emu ner a t ions , ca pa cit y bui l di ng a nd r egu la r pr o mot i o n wer e f ou n d t o b e t h e hig h es t r ated tr a ditio na l p ot ent s tr at eg i es .
4. Du a l-co nt r ol i n it s fu l l s ens e wa s fou n d t o b e for e- mos t mo d er n p ot ent s t ra t egy
5. P art icip a t iv e ma na g emen t t ec h ni qu es (P M T ), syst ems a ppr oa ch met hod (S AM ) a nd ma na g ement i nf or ma t i on s ys t em (M IS ) wer e t h e hi g h es t r a t ed p ot ent mo d er n s tr a tegies f or en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g ement i n E / E t ec h no l o g y edu ca t i on.

Disc uss io n

T he f i ndi ngs of t his s t udy s howed a mea n ra t ing of 1. 25 a nd t -ca l of 0. 81 for s ing l e a dmi nis t r at or cont r ol li ng b ot h gener a l educa t ion a nd E / E t ec h n ol o g y edu ca t io n or a ny ot h er t ec h n ol o g y b a s ed edu ca t i o n. T his mea ns t ha t t h e r es pondent s u na ni mous l y s t r ongl y dis a gr eed wi t h s in g l e c o nt r ol a s a s tra t eg y f or en ha nc in g hu m a n r es our c es ma na gement i n E / E t ec hnol ogy edu ca t i on p r o gr a mme. T his is in l i n e wi t h Olait an, Nwachu k wu , Igb o, Ony ema ec hi a n d E k on g (1999) who s t r ongl y condemned s i ngl e co nt r ol a s a d min is t r at iv e s t r a t egy i n t ec hnol ogy
ba s ed educa t iona l pr ogr a mmes . Okor o (200 6) emp a t hiz ed t ha t t h e da n g er of s in g l e c o nt r ol is tha t the s in gle a d min is tra tor is u s u a lly a g en er a l educa t i on s p ec ia lis t who ha s no knowl edge a bout t ech ni cal edu cat i on t alk l es s of an y t ech n ical ma nip u la t iv e s k il ls t o h elp hi m a d mi n is t er
t ec hnol ogy ba s ed educa t ion eff ect iv el y.
C ons equ ent l y, t h e r es p o nd ent s s t r o ng l y a gr eed t o it ems 1 , 2 a nd 3 of t a b l e 2, uphol di ng a ll t h e c or r es p o n di n g hyp ot h es es wit h r es p ect t o dua l c ont r ol a nd t he a ppoint ment o f on l y t ec h ni ca ll y qu a lif i ed, co mp et ent a nd p r ov en E / E a d min is tr ator or edu ca tor to a d min is ter t ec hnol ogy ba s ed educa t i on pr ogr a mmes . It is o nl y t h is t ec hn ica l l y qu a l if i ed a d minis tr a tor tha t

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ca n eff ect i v el y i mpl ement t he t ec hnica l a nd v oca t io na l edu ca t i o n p ol ic y i n Ni g er ia (F GN,
2004); a nd a ls o t ec hni ca ll y a ppl y a ll t he 13 a gr eed moder n a dmi nis t ra t ive s t r a t egi es f or en ha nc i n g hu ma n r es ou r ces ma na g ement in E / E tec hnol ogy educa t i on a s s pec if i ed i n t a bl e 2 (UNE S C O, 1984; Akpa n, 1997 a nd O kor o,
2006).

RE CO MME NDAT I O NS

Ba s ed on t h e fi n di n gs of t his s t u d y t h e foll owi ng r ecomm enda t i ons wer e ma de.
1. Du a l-co ntr ol a d minis tr a tive s tr ateg y s h ou ld be ent r enched wit h en ha nc i n g l ega l b a ck i ng a nd p ol ic y s t a t ement s in E bonyi s t a t e f or ef f ect i ve hu ma n r es our c es ma na gement in E / E t ec h no l o g y edu ca t i on p r ogr a mme.
2. T he gover nment of E b onyi s t a t e s hou ld ef f ect i v el y r emu n er a t e E/ E p er s o nn el p r omot e t h em r egu la r ly, op er a te p os itiv e rewa rd s ys t em a nd enga ge t hem i n eff ic ient ca pa cit y buil di ng f or t ec hnol ogica l a dva nc emen t of t h e s t a t e a nd b r ea k-t hr ou ghs .
3. P ar t icipa t ive ma na gement t ec hni qu e s hou ld be emp l oyed by a l l E / E t echnol ogy educa t i on a d min is tr ator s to ens u r e eff ic ient a nd ef f ect i v e hu ma n r es ou r c es ma na g emen t in E / E t echnol ogy educa t i on i n E b onyi s t a t e of Nig er ia .

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Ader ou nmu, W. O. a nd E hia met a lor , E .T (1981) Int r oducti on t o admi ni s t rat i on of s chool s in N i ger ia. Iba da n: E va ns Br ot h er s Nig er ia P ublis her s L t d.
Akp a n, R .J. (1995) E ducati onal admi ni st r ation i n N i geri a. Ca la bar : E xecut ive P ublis her .
Akpa n, V. C . J . (1997) A dmi ni s tr at ion and s uper vi s i on of vocati onal educat ion . Uyo : Dor a nd P u b lis h er s .
Aku ma , E . (2008) E ducat i onal admi nis t r at i on - management i ss ues and probl ems. E nu gu : C el ic P ublis hi ng C ompa ny.
Da le, D. (2000) N ew E ngl i s h di cti onar y and t hes aur us . S cot la nd : Ged d es a nd Gr os s et .
F eder a l R epubl ic of Ni ger ia (2004) Na tiona l pol i cy on educat ion. J ibowu - Yab a, Lagos : NE R DC pr es s .

Hor nb y, A. (2001) Oxfor d l ear ner s di cti onar y of cur r ent E ngli s h 6t h Ed . Ox for d: Uni v er s it y P r ess.

Okor o, O. M . (2006) Pr i nci pl es and met hods i n

vocat i onal and t echni cal educat i on.

Ns ukka : Uni ver s it y T rus t Publis her s .
Ola it a n, S .O.; Nwa chu k wu , C .E ; Igb o C .A., Onyema c hi, G. a nd E kong A. O (19 99) cur r i cul um devel opment and management i n vocat i onal t echni cal educat i on. Awa da - Onit s h: C a p e P u b lis h er s Int er na t i o na l L t d.
Olia t a n, S . O. (1996) Vocat i onal and t echni cal educat i on i n N i geri a -i ss ues and anal ys is . Onit s ha : Nob l e Gr a p hic P r ess
P er et o mo d e, V. F (1996) E ducat i onal admi ni st r at i on appli ed concept s and t heor et i cal pr es pect i ve for st udent s and pr act i oners . Ikeja -L a gos : J o ja E du ca t io na l R es ea r ch a nd P u b lis h er s L t d.
S hep her d, J . , M or t on A. H a nd s pa ce L . F . (1979) Hi g h er el ect r i ca l en g i n eer i ng . London: E ngl is h L a ngua ge B ook S oci et y a nd P it ma n P u b lis hi n g.
UNE S C O (1984) Pol i cy, pl anning and management i n t echni cal and vocat i onal educat i on: A compar ati ve s t udy. P ar is : UNE S C O Pr es s .

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