International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 2, February-2015 565
ISSN 2229-5518
Solid Waste Management
Subhrangsu Sekhar Dey
Abstract— Increase of population with their improved lifestyle and build up industrial is increase generation of solid waste in rural as well as urban in our country. But still we used to drop our rest waste into the open land. There are absence of dustbin to all the locality and unsys- tematic and unscientific way of collections of municipality the solid waste affects our life. People affects by viral fever and headache etc. It also affects to aquatic animal and also increase surface air temperature cause of methane, CO2 and NO2 from organic food materials and in- dustrial waste.
Minimization of solid waste can save our global and change of climate condition. Use separated and proper dustbin to drop your waste and in rural areas are required toilet to save people and children from viral disease. Conservation of methane gas to use as CNG in vehicles, trans- portations and motors etc. to save energy. Paper and plastic materials can be reuse as decorating items and raw materials by proper training of self-help groups via municipality. Minimization the use of polythene and plastics uses for food container. Don’t waste your rest foods from rituals and social parties, serve them with poor peoples. It’s time to save our generation as well as our global to make green and clean global.
Index Terms— Unsystematic and Unscientific way of collection, Conserve CH4 gas, less using Polythene, Save energy, Don’t waste foods, Use reusable bags, Proper Dustbin etc.
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ncreases of population and their modern lifestyle, results in increase of generating solid waste in urban as well as rural areas. There are some developed and developing coun- tries most problem about the solid waste. High population and industrials are massive amount of solid waste which im- pact on the public health issues, global warming and change of climate condition. Mainly from the large communities and industrial hazardous solid waste affects our environmental. Some countries are lack of economical resource and technolog-
ical resource, results are affected to control the solid waste.
Bacically two type of Solid Waste which affects to our envi- ronment and as well as Public Health issues.
A.Household Waste:-Vegetable waste, kitchen waste, etc. B.Hospital Waste: - Disposable syringes, Glucose bottles Blood and urine bags, Intravenous tubes, surgical gloves, etc. C.Hotel/Catering Waste: - Foods, Carry bags, Bottles, Contain- ers, Trash bags, Packages, etc.
D.E-Waste: - Discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.
Plastic Waste: - Plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
A.Manufacturing Companies Waste: - Hazardous inorganic chemicals and metal complexes like mercury, Sulphates, Ni- trates, Nickel, Zinc, etc.
Subhrangsu Sekhar Dey is currently pursuing masters degree pro- gram in Applied Chemistry in Amity University, India, Mobile-
9046917734. E-mail: deysubhrangsu@gmail.com
B.Chemical Laboratory:-Mixture of hazardous organic and inorganic chemicals.
C.Nuclear Laboratory:-Radioactive elements.
D.Liquid Waste: - water used for different industries e.g. tan- neries, distilleries, thermal power plants, etc.
First of all the communities’ bad manner and undisciplined lifestyle. They always used drops their waste in open land like on the road, on stair and public place etc. which help of in- crease the impacts of solid waste. Absence of proper dustbin to the population areas and unsystematic and unscientific way of collection of the municipality.
It has recently observed that 7.2 millions of hazardous waste and 150 million of industrial low hazardous waste are lying in open land and Square km every year are filled by solid waste in our India. 1600 crores rupees expensed for treatment & disposal them[3]. In 1981 to 1991 population of Mumbai in- creased from 8.2 million to 12.3 million during the same peri- od the solid waste of municipal has grown from 3200 tons to
5355 tones, an increase of 67%. Bangalore city produces 2000 tons of waste per annual which put pressure hygienic condi- tion of the city[2].
Solid waste increases the surface air temperature and surface climate condition for releasing of CH4, NO2, and CO2 gas
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from organic waste which increases the global warming. Recently in Mumbai (2005) cloudburst clogged the sewage line due to large no. of plastic bags[8] and Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused due to imported scrap from Iran[9]. Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to consump- tion of contaminated foods. Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the food movement in their stomach[10]. Increase the harmful insects, kits like mosquitoes, bacteria and microbiological for tires, tanks and drains pool water.Some of the cities are used to drop waste materials into the pond, river and sea, results are harmful to aquatic animal and floatage of the river which effects on the boat.
Solid waste impacts on public health issues like viral fever, headache, toxicity, and chronic disease to their health..
In the affluent countries, the main motivations for waste re- duction are frequently
related to the high cost and scarcity of sites for landfills, and the environmental degradation caused by toxic materials de- posited wastes. There are lack of positive significant for en- couraging about benefits from waste reduction. Money is bar- rier of reduction solid waste and absence of technological pro- cedure.
To save people and children from viral, chronic dis- ease reduction of solid is most important.
We can reduce the using of energy by reuse of paper, plastics and other recycled materials.
To reduce global warming as well as reduce surface air temperature.
To reduce the growth of mosquitoes, bacterial, kits and poisonous organism.
Sometimes forest and locality is catches fire by the cause of methane which releases from solid waste.
To make our global clean and healthy.
Rural area requires toilet to save people from viral
disease.
Reuse, recycling, and reclamation are ways of manag- ing hazardous wastes which, if properly conducted, can avoid environmental hazards, protect scarce nat- ural resources, and reduce the nation’s reliance on raw materials and energy.
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M.C (%) | VS (%) | ASH (%) | C (%) | H (%) | N (%) | P (%) | |
Calcutta,India | 42 | 32 | 26 | 18 | N/A | 0.55 | 0.55 |
Maxico city | 50 | 32.5 | 33 | 15 | 1.5 | 0.9 | |
Manila,Philippines | 42.6 | 33.8 | 23.6 | 18.3 | 2.2 | 0.24 |
REFERENCES [5,6,11]
OUS COMPONENTS OF MSW
Reference[7]
11 BULK DENSITIES OF VIRGIN MATERIALS
References[7]
Organic matter constitutes 35%–40% of the municipal solid waste generated inIndia. This was recycled by the procedure of composting, one of the oldest forms of disposal. Naturally the process of decomposition of organic waste are yields ma- nure or compost, which is very rich in nutrients. It is a biologi- cal process which micro-organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, convert degradable organic waste into humus like substance. Which increase the nitrogen and carbon in the soil and also your food rest also help of increasing the fertility of the soil. Sorted your waste material to help of recycle and use separat- ed dustbin for deposited waste. Keep separated your solid waste each other to help of sorted. Plastics, glasses, old cloth, cotton, medicinal, shrapnel and etc. keeps separated for help of recycles.
SORTED METHOD FOR SOLID WASTE
Source- (www.unpluggedliving.com)
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 2, February-2015 568
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• Conserve the methane gas for using as CNG in vehi- cles, motor, transportations and many more reducing methane gas.
• Reducing CO2, NO2 and another gas from releases
solid waste.
• We can use the waste oil as bio-diesel or bio gas.
• Making of decorative items by self-help group via
proper training to poor class families via government.
• Don’t waste your rest of food from rituals and parties
serve to the poor people.
• Reduce the uses of polythene take reusable bags
when go to the market.
• Use reusable container for take foods and reduce to
use of foods container.
• Bio-gradable items should be buried in the deep ground.
• Use bio-gradable plastic materials to save our envi- ronment .
I wish thanks to my teacher Dr. Renu Upadhyay, Dr. Divya Prakash, Dr. Shashi Verma,classmates and parents for sup- ported me this work.
1.Colour coded recycling bins for waste separation at the source of pro- duction.
(source www.unpluggedliving.com)
2.The Energy & Resources Institute,New Delhi
3.Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest
4. Diaz, L.F. and C.G. Golueke, “Solid Waste Management in Developing
Countries”,
BioCycle, 26:46-52, September 1985.
5. CalRecovery, Inc., Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Study -
Waste Stream
Characterization, prepared for Ad Hoc Committee, Republic of the Phil- ippines, May 1982
6.Nath, K.J., “Solid Waste Management in the Present Indian Perspective”, proceedings of ISWA 1993 Annual Conference, Jönköping, Sweden, Sep- tember 1993.
7.CalRecovery, Inc., Conversion Factor Study - In-Vehicle and In-Place
Waste Densities,
prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board, USA, March 1992.
8.Ahmed, Zubair (May 19, 2006). "Mumbai commuters face travel won" BBC (Mumbai, India).
9. Press Trust Of India | Ghaziabad October 2, 2004
10. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan: Law for the Promo- tion of Sorted Collection and Recycling of Containers and Packaging. URL: http://www.jcpra.or.jp/association/pamph/pdf/law2003_eng.pdf
11. CalRecovery, Inc., Criterio de Diseño - Planta de Selección y Recuper-
ación de Subproductos de los Residuos Sólidos Municipales, prepared for
Mexico City, Mexico, December 1992.
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