International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 2149

ISSN 2229-5518

Physico-chemical analysis of water samples

Dr.C.Nagamani

PG Co-ordinator &Assistant professor,Vijayacollege, RV Road, Bangalore-4, Mobile:8861384830,cnagamani@gmail.com Independent researchers

Dr.C.SaraswathiDevi ,9448303885,saraswathidevi66@yahoo.in
A.Shalini , Mobile:9164198887,shalini.shallu09@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The water quality is determined in five blocks (water samples taken from Urban and rural locations of Bangalore(HAL 3rd stage (Kaveri water), HRBR lay out (kaveri water mixed with Bore well water), Borewell water (Srinivasapura,Kolar District)and Mineral water samples).

where from each block water samples are under studied for Physico- chemical status of water samples. In Physico-chemical analysis , various quality parameter are measured

including pH, Specific conductivity(SP) , total dissolved solids (TDS),total hardness,

compared with WHO standards of water quality; also in present research paper classification of water samples of five blocks was investigation on the basis of TDS, anions, cations and TH.

.T he pH of all water samples were found almost neutral . The TDS, conductance, hardness increased towards the urban water as compared to rural wate All Parameters were within the permissible limits. The results indicated and discussed.

Keywords: water samples, physico-chemical analysis, TH, TDS, COD,BOD, TDS, BOD, Nutrients and Total Hardness.

INTRODUCTION

Water plays an essential role in human life. Although statistics, the WHO reports that approximately 36% of urban and 65% of rural Indian were without access to safe drinking water [1].Fresh water is one of the most important resources crucial for the survival of all the living beings. It is even more important for the human being as they depend upon it for food production, industrial and waste disposal, as well as cultural requirement [2]. Human and ecological use of ground water depends upon ambient water quality. Human alteration of the landscape has an extensive influence on watershed hydrology Gurunathan, 2006 [3]. Ground water plugs a vital role in human life .The consequences of urbanization and industrialization leads to spoil the water for agricultural purposes ground water is explored in rural especially in

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those areas where other sources of water like dam and river or a canal is not considerable. During last decade, this is observed that ground water get polluted drastically because of increased human activities . Consequently number of cases of water borne diseases has been seen which a cause of health hazards. An understanding of water chemistry is the bases of the knowledge of the multidimensional aspect of aquatic environmental chemistry which involves the source, composition, reactions and transportation of water. The quality of water is of vital concern for the mankind since it is directly linked with human welfare .It is a matter of history that facial pollution of drinking water caused water-borne diseases .

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The Water Samples were collected from four Different places in the Morning Hours between 9 to 11am, in Polythene Bottles. The Water samples were immediately brought in to Laboratory for the Estimation of various Physico-chemical Parameters like Water Temperature, pH were recorded by using Thermometer and Digital pH Meter. (Systronics).Specific conductivities were measured by using digital conductivity meter. The TDS values were measured by using TDS meter. While other Parameters Such as Hardness, Sodium, and potassium by Flame photometry .Manganeese , Calcium & Magnesium Chloride, Sulphate and Nitrate were Estimated in the Laboratory By using Standard laboratory methods. Present Study involves the Analysis of Water Quality in Terms of Physico- chemical methods. ( Trivedy and Goel,1986, APHA 1985)[4)

Table 1: Physical parameters of water samples, Bangalore Urban and Rural, Karnataka

PH

Conductivity

TDS

Odour

Temperature

sample 1

7.2

180

58

0

29

Sample 2

7.3

240

65

0

29

Sample 3

7.5

230

70

0

30

sample 4

6.9

290

75

0

29

Table 2: Chemical properties (mg/L)of water samples, Bangalore Urban and

Rural, Karnataka with reference to WHO standards.

Chemical property

(mg/L)

WHO

Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Sample 4

Chloride

200

120

140

160

190

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Sulphate

200

74

120

140

180

Calcium

100

80

73

75

90

Magnesium

150

70

90

120

140

Nitrate

45

28

35

38

42

Sodium

130

30

42

58

65

Potassium

100

35

47

56

67

Iron

1.0

0.75

0.83

0.85

0.97

Zinc

15

5

7

7.5

9.5

Bio –stastical representation of Physical properties

sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3 sample 4

Bio –stastical representation of chemical properties

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250

200

150

100

50

0

WHO Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Sample 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:-

The Variation in Physico-chemical Parameters is Presented in Table. Sample 1:Srnivasa pura (Bangalore Rural)drinking water.

Sample 2:HRBR Layout (Bangalore Urban) Drinking water Sample 3:HAL3rd Stage (Bangalore Urban(BWSSB) Sample 4: Mineral water

There was no significant change in the pH value during the observation period; the observed values were in the range 6.9 to 7.5 Total hardness, salinity, conductance and turbidity increased in the similar direction, i.e., from Sample-1 to Sample-4. Concentration of nutrients like Chloride,Sulphate was within the permissible limits for Sample-3&4. BOD remained less than 3 in all cases, showing normal microbial activity. Physico-chemical parameters affected the primary production in different Areas. The physico-chemical of chemical characteristics of water samples in the study area suggested that

there was no harmful chemical contamination. The sample 3&4 were found to

be more free from various micro gram positive bacterial activities .The sample -4 is more healthier in the long run.

Conclusions:

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Amounts of minerals such as Na,Ca, and Mg were present below than WHO recommended level but water from Urban regions of Bangalore contain more amounts of these minerals than Rural place of Bangalore, indicates that the required minerals are available in reasonable amounts in Bangalore Urban supply than Bangalore Rural supply]. The amounts of various elements in this study characterization of the physiochemical parameters of water from different locations in Bangalore Rural and Urban area was carried out as studies carrier out by [5,6,7,8,9,10] To assess the quality of water each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limits prescribed by World health organization (WHO) [11,12,13]From the study it can be concluded that Bangalore Urban water is safe for drinking purposes from the point of view of levels of pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl- ,NO3- SO4

,Fe_+2,Zn+2 But the total hardness varied in between 70 to 80 mg/L which

indicates that water in the Rural Bangalore is moderately hard. So, it is suggested to the Urban localities is much often softer water as indicated by Pandey(14),Trivedy(15) and kedar(16) and similar results are reported by Jayabhave(17),Salve(18),Khan(19),Kadam(20).Further research can be carried out for detailed mapping and hydrological studies for existing water sources

to show flow lines and hydro-geochemical survey in that area. It is also

necessary to find out the source of contaminants which is due to soil types, industrialization, water chemistry and other human activities. This study gave us an insight that urban water is less harder and containing more dissolved ions

Than rural water collected in Kolar district ,Karnataka,India.

.

Acknowledgement:

The authors are grateful to the students and Prof.Chowdoji Rao ,Professor, Sri krishnadevaraya University ,Anantapur, AP, INDIA, for Providing Necessary inputs and suggestions.

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