International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 5, May-2014 17
ISSN 2229-5518
Madiha Hameed, Muhammad Abrar, Ahmer Siddiq, Tahir Javeed
Index Terms – MVC (Model View Control), Design pattern, web application
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
In computer science design pattern is a proper approach of providing a key of answers to a design problem in a particular area in proficiency. [1]
Christopher Alexander says, "Each pattern describes a problem which occurs over and over again in our environment, and then describes the core of the solution to that problem, in such a way that you can use this solution a million times over, without ever doing it the same way twice". The elements of this language are entities called patterns. Each pattern describes a problem that occurs over and over again in our environment, and then describes the core of the solution to that problem, in such a way that you can use this solution a million times over, without ever doing it the same way twice. [1]
It is reusable solution in commonly occurring problem during software development under certain circumstances, it is basically descriptions or guidelines on how to solve a problems and can be used in different situation according to your need or context, they are known as best
practice and the programmers must implement in applications [2]
Today design pattern is the need of almost every web application or software because if programmers not follow the design patterns then
we can say that the application structure is not reliable because web application developer need to overcome many challenges during web development in order
to get the quality of service which including speed, scalability and security.
Basically it provides tested, proven development paradigms that can speed up development process [2] Design pattern help us to resolve or fix issues that causes major problem in future or in implementation and it improves code readability for experienced developers.
It is seen that numerous non web application have restructured as a web based. Most common challenges are structuring of web application, organizing and data handling. [2]
♦ Reusability
♦ Best practices for developers as they well known of terminologies
♦ Give problem oriented solution
There are 23 design pattern and these patterns are classified into categories .They are divided into three parts Creational, Structural and Behavioral patterns.
tbl # 1
The term SCOPE specifies whether the pattern applies to class or object. The pattern under the class label is those that focus on class relationship and that are in object label are focus on the object relationship. Class patterns deal with the relationship between classes and their child classes and these relationships are made by inheritance and almost all patterns use inheritance to some extent. Object patterns deal with object relationships, which can be changed at run-time and
are more dynamic.[3]
Creational class patterns defer some part of object creation to subclasses, while Creational object patterns defer it to another object. The Structural class patterns use inheritance to compose classes, while the Structural object patterns describe ways to assemble objects. The Behavioral class patterns use inheritance to describe algorithms and flow of control, whereas the Behavioral object patterns describe how a group of objects cooperate to perform a task that no single
object can carry out alone.[4]
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 5, May-2014 18
ISSN 2229-5518
Creational | Structural | Behavioral | ||
Scope | Class | Factory Method | Adapter | Interpreter Template Method |
Object | Abstract Factory Builder Prototype Singleton | Adaptor Bridge Composite Decorator Façade Flyweight Proxy | Chain of responsibility Command iterator Mediator Memento Observer State Strategy Visitor | |
Abstract Factory Builder Prototype Singleton | Adaptor Bridge Composite Decorator Façade Flyweight Proxy | Chain of responsibility Command iterator Mediator Memento Observer State Strategy Visitor |
tbl # 2[2]
The harder thing is to understand what you exactly need and what is your problem and which design pattern can fit in your needs to solve your problem, actually it is possible to have more than one design pattern for one problem, developer of the application has to select the
appropriate one. [5]
There is also some problems faced by developers who uses wrong design pattern and thus causes problem.[5]
There are some steps also to select any design pattern for your problem
1. The first thing is that you understand the pattern and make sure you have completely understand it that what the specific deign pattern does and what you what it to do and then finally implement it in your code to solve problem
2. Get Specific: Now you have to map the generic pattern into your specific problem, this need to update your participants in the pattern to things that make sense in the context of your application.[11]
3. Reorganize: W hen you adopt specific pattern it may need to add, remove or reorganize classes and objects as well,
and if you are documenting your design using UML or other related techniques then you will want to update the stuff for the pattern reflection.
4. Implementation: This part is very easy because programming with patterns becomes the easiest way, Now you have to implement the pattern in the code, it becomes very easy to write your code when you have clear model of how you relate and interact objects and classes to each
other.[6]
For understanding table is given with some problems with their solution and recommended design pattern
Design Patterns have two main conventions in software development.
Suppose developer writes program using some techniques prior to design pattern so how the other developer came to know which approach is used by developer to write code and how, so there was also need for standard terminology that can be adopted by others developers too, so design pattern becomes a common platform that others developers also uses to solve their problems so Design patterns become a standard terminology for developers because they are
specific for different circumstances.[10]
For example a singleton design pattern describes the use of single object so all the developers know that singleton design pattern use the single object (Not more than 1 object) and they can tell each other that
their program is following singleton pattern.[7]
Design patterns provide best solutions to certain problems faced during software development. Design patterns have been used over a long period of time and it also helps un-experienced programmers to
[8]
learn software or web application in an easy and faster way
Creational Design Patterns | |
Singleton | Ensure that only one instance of a class is created and Provide a global access point to the object. |
Factory | Creates objects without exposing the instantiation logic to the client and Refers to the newly created |
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 5, May-2014 19
ISSN 2229-5518
Tbl #3 [7]
W eb application development is a vast field these days and growing rapidly in business community regarding to its flexibility and availability to everywhere at every time [14]
In design pattern introduced approaches there are three approaches are the popular approaches to define web application structure
1. MVC
2. Factory
3. Abstract
As we already discuss the above mention three approaches
MVC (Model View Control) is the most popular approach in web based application development it is flexible and provide the privilege of word division in small chunks to handle them easily and manage the work load in a team .It encourage the team work which is becoming the need of this world as much as web development field is growing among the non- IT people it become the necessary that software are user-friendly and strong in security point
The Model view control approach provide the flexibility and reusability of application structure
More rapidly growing mobile development is also use MVC for its different display manner.
Creational Patterns offer great flexibility in how your software's objects are created. It is of great help to clearly understand these simple starting point patterns with their pros and cons to efficiently extend and maintain an application.
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 5, May-2014 20
ISSN 2229-5518
MVC provide the user friendly design pattern and reusability of application through its model base control and view to user. Its successful response from user helpful for the web application developers.
1. C. Alexander, S. Ishikawa, M. Silverstein, M. Jacobson, I. Fiksdahl- King and S. Angel. A Pattern Language. Oxford University Press, New York, 1977.
2. E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson and J. Vlissides. Design Patterns.
Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-W esley,
1996.
3. G. Rossi,D.Schwabe andF.Lyardet,"Improving W eb Information Systemswith Design Patterns". In Proc. of the 8th International World Wide Web Conference, Toronto (CA), May 1999, Elsevier Science, 1999, pp. 589-600.
4. D.C. Schmidt, R. E. Johnson and M. Fayad. "Software Patterns". Communications of the ACM, Special Issue on Patterns and Pattern Languages, Vol. 39, No. 10,
5. M.P. Cline, "Using Design Patterns to Develop Reusable Object- Oriented Communication Software", Communication of ACM, 38 (10), October 1995, pp. 65-74.
6. Singh Sandhu, P.; Pal Singh, P.; Kumar Verma, A. "Evaluating
Quality of Software Systems by Design Patterns Detection", Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, 2008. ICACTE '08. International Conference on, On page(s): 3 – 7
7. Krein, Jonathan L.; Pratt, L.J.; Swenson, A.B.; MacLean, A.C.; Knutson, Charles D.; Eggett, D.L. "Design Patterns in Software
Maintenance: An Experiment Replication at Brigham Young
University", Replication in Empirical Software Engineering Research
(RESER), 2011 Second International W orkshop on, On page(s): 25
– 34
8. Ohtsuki, M.; Yoshida, N.; Makinouchi, A. "A source code generation support system using design pattern documents based on SGML", Software Engineering Conference, 1999. (APSEC '99) Proceedings. Sixth Asia Pacific, On page(s): 292 – 299
9. M. Fayad, W . Tsai, and M. Fulghum, "Transition to Object-Oriented
Software Development," Communications of the ACM, Jan. 1996.
10. F. Buschmann, R. Meunier, H. Rohnert, P. Sommerlad, and M. Stal, Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture - A System of Patterns. Wileys and Sons, to appear 1996.
11. G. Booch, Object Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications (2
Edition). Redwood City, California: Ben-jamin/Cummings, 1993.
12. D. C. Schmidt and P. Stephenson, "Experiences Using Design Patterns to Evolve System Software Across Diverse OS Platforms," inProceedings ofthe 9 European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, (Aarhus, Denmark), ACM,
August1995.
13. R. Johnson, "Documenting Frameworks Using Patterns," in OOPLSA
'92, (Vancouver, British Columbia), pp. 63-76, ACM, October 1992.
14. A. Hussey, D.Carrington, “Comparing the MVC and PAC architectures: a formal perspective”, IEE Proceedings Software Engineering, Vol 144, Issue 4, Page 224-36
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org