International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 1091

ISSN 2229-5518

Intelligent Industrial Digital Library for

Measurement of Capacitor Parameter

Mr. Suresh Y. Sankpal, Dr. Mrs. S. B. Patil, Mr. Abhijeet Shete

Abstract— The Capacitors are used in power systems. Manufacturing process of capacitor is carried out in the industry. The objective of our system is to measure various parameter of capacitor while manual testing process is going on. The exact value of test parameter detected automatically and sent to the control room so that faults in the manual testing process is identified. In all, developed system generate a list of all the parameter detected automatically. Retain the same in computer so that it can be compared with standard values.Industrial Digital Library is sponsored by Sharada Electronics Pvt Ltd,Miraj MIDC.

Index Terms—Industrial library parameter, digital library, capacitor, temperature process, impregnatipion plant. Microcontroller, LCD

interfacing, signal conditioning, AC and DC voltage.

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1 INTRODUCTION

n recent years the nature of load has changed drastically and different electrical machinery i.e. mercury lamps, trans- formers, motors, switchgears are running inherently at low power factor. This means that power supply authorities have to generate much more current that is theoretically required. This high current level in our system needs to be reduced [1]. This includes different techniques such as improving power factor, changing conductor size, substituting cables with con- ductors etc. For that capacitor banks are mainly installed to provide capacitive reactive compensation/ power factor cor- rection [3]. Capacitors are used to improve the quality of the electrical supply and the efficient operation of the power sys- tem.
The aim of this paper is to present partly the Digital Library of an Power Capacitor Development. The main role of the Li- brary is to facilitate the Power capacitor research and devel- opment, through the automation of the related measurement tasks, and to provide a powerful database system background for data retrieval and research decision support. The paper introduces only a few applications of the entire system. Differ- ent Power capacitor measurements were automated. All the measurements have been implemented in a similar manner. During the process the user initializes the measurement, sets the measurement environmental parameters, and launches the execution. The program runs on its own, sending automatical- ly the results of the measurement to a database system, from where the data can be retrieved in a predefined or a non- predefined way. For the realization of the above requirements the equipments in the industry, data acquisition and PRO- TEUS software development tools were chosen as implemen- tation purpose.

2 INDUSTRIAL LIBRARY

2.1 Capacitor

Capacitors play a very important role in our world. They can be found in every electronic device around us, they are widespread all over the world used as energy storage ele- ments, filters and decouplers. The main features of capacitors are: capacity (1pF-1F), operational voltage (from 1,5 V up to
some kV), operational temperature (from -55 °C to 125 °C), loss factor, size and shape. The most frequently used capacitor types in the industry nowadays are: ceramic, foil, aluminium and tantalum capacitors.
The four most important application fields for capacitor technologies are radio techniques, electrical power processing, energy storage and power electronics. Except for the first ap- plication field electrolyte-capacitors can be used, so this type of capacitor is prevalent. The main advantage of the electrolyt- ic capacitors is the high capacity and voltage value, which can be attributed to the dielectric layer with very small thickness, but with very large surface. Their disadvantage is the over voltage sensitivity. The main characteristics of the electrolytic capacitors are determined by the electrolyte, the anode foil and the paper separator. [6]
The electrolyte generally consists of the following compo- nents:
• solvent: e.g.: ethylene glycol,
• acids and bases: usually organic,
• different additives
The electrolytes are characterized by two major features: conductivity and breakdown potential, both of them depend- ent on the temperature. The change of conductivity as a func- tion of temperature decisively affects the electric parameters of the capacitor. The chemical reactions, which take place inside the electrolyte, are in direct relationship with the conductivity value at different temperatures and the quantification of this relationship is important. The conductivity and breakdown potential of the electrolyte influences the maximum operating condition of the capacitors. breakdown potential, both of them dependent on the temperature. The change of conductivity as a function of temperature decisively affects the electric param- eters of the capacitor. The chemical reactions, which take place inside the electrolyte, are in direct relationship with the con- ductivity value at different temperatures and the quantifica- tion of this relationship is important.

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 1092

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3 HARDWARE DISCRIPTION

3.1 Introduction of Praposed work

The main objective of ‘Digital Library’ is use of monitoring different parameters in manufacturing industry so as to re- duce need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. However the concept only became truly practical with the addition of the digital computer, whose flexibility allowed it to drive almost any sort of task. Basic Schematic diagram of the proposed work is shown in figure 1

Figure 1 : Proposed Work

3.2 Capacitor

3.2.1 Winding

Power Capacitor Contains several elements which are wound
by winding two layers of aluminium foil interleaved by many
layers of PP film having extended foil construction. The alu-
minium foil winding is Edge folded throughout the length of
winding and also end folding at the beginning and end of the
winding. The ideal manufacturing condition involve the use of
temperature Control & filtered Air Conditioning system in
which environment of winding is free from dust ,moisture etc.

3.2.2 Element testing :

The winding elements are individually inspected and tested
before being send in batches to the processing area. Dry ele-
ment testing is necessary to confirm the voltage withstand
capacity, design parameters etc.

3.2.3 Element pack assembly :

No. of elements are packed together in series / parallel group
separated by insulating paper as per design. This pack is
pressed on pneumatic press under desired pressure and Firm-
ly held by insulating strips.

3.2.4 Soldering, connection, wrapping :

The extended portion of the elements is soldered with special
soldering material by special type of gas flame gun on both
sides of pack of specific width. The connection terminals, dis-
charge resistors plate fitting, paper insulation wrapping is
done. The insulation level shall be strictly observed while
wrapping to avoid terminal to body breakdown. This dry pack is tested for DC voltage. Its capacitance value is measured to confirm the design requirement. This pack is housed in sheet steel container fitted with leads upon which are mounted in two porcelain bushings. The small hole is kept open on top plate for pre drying and impregnation.

3.2.5 Impregnation

The next important process is Vacuum drying and impregna-
tion of capacitors. The Container assembled winding packs are
loaded in impregnation chamber. When they are dried under
elevated temp.and vacuum, then impregnating fluid is filtered
taken through vacuum dehydrating and degassing processes
before it passes, still under vacuum to the impregnation
chamber. After impregnation the capacitors are left for soak-
ing for a specific period. Then capacitors are unloaded. This
impregnation process is the heart of capacitor manufacturing. The electrolyte is now added to the assembly by a process called “impregnation.” The method of impregnation requires the wound element to be immersed into the electrolyte by a vacuum/pressure cycle either with or without applied heat or simple absorption. The electrolyte contains a solvent such as ethylene glycol and a solute such as ammonium borate. Should the dielectric film be damaged, the presence of the electrolyte will allow the capacitor to heal itself by forming more oxide. By selecting different electrolytes, capacitor char- acteristics such as operating temperature range, frequency response, shelf life, and load life, can be further improved

3.2.6 Electrical testing

After completing the impregnation processes each & every
capacitor is tested for leakage check at elevated temp. in the
chamber. After that capacitor are electrically tested as per IS &
IEC Specification to ensure the design data, Quality Parame-
ters etc.
The routine tests and type tests are carried out but The
most important parameter of the capacitor is its AC and DC
voltage. It is Essential to withstand the capacitor to AC and
DC voltage as per rating. Monitoring of such voltages are
considered and finally send to control room for evaluation.

3.2.7 Painting

Successfully passing through final electrical testing and Quali-

ty Control parameters capacitors are painted with a special
primer and then epoxy painting.

3.2.8 Finishing

After completing these processes and finishing with other ac-
cessories like Name plate, Nut Bolts, the Capacitors will be
ready for dispatch.

This is the manufacturing process of the power capacitor and to implement our system in this industry so that productivity is increased and to find out the faults on real time parameters.

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3.3 Signal Conditioning

Signal conditioning is either amplification, attenuation, isola- tion, filtering or excitation of signal. Many applications require environment or structural measurements, such as temperature and vibration, from sensors. These sensors, in turn, require signal conditioning before a data acquisition device can effec- tively and accurately measure the signal. Key signal condition- ing technologies provide distinct enhancements to both the performance and accuracy of data acquisition systems. Tem- perature, all the voltages measured are considered in the sig- nal conditioning.
It means that manipulating an analog signal in such a way that it meets the requirements of the next stage for further processing. The most common use is analog to digital conver- sion followed by signal conditioning. But here PIC microcon- troller is used in this system so it is having on chip analog to digital conversion facility therefore ADC is not necessarily used.

Figure 2 : Signal Conditioning for Capacitor Parameter

4 FIGURE FLOW

As demonstrated in this figure 1, all the parameters from the digital library are collected and applied to PIC microcontroller. PIC microcontrollers ( Programmable Interface Controllers),

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S. Y. Sankpal is currently pursuing masters degree program in electronics engineering in Shivaji University, India, PH-02346-250487. Email:suresh.sankpal@gmail.com

Dr. Mrs. S.B.Patil is an Associate prof. of Department of electronics, Dr. J. J. Magdum College of engg., jaysingpur. She is a Dean Industry Institute Interaction. E-mail: sbp_jjm2004@yahoo.co.in

are electronic circuits that can be programmed to carry out a vast range of tasks. They can be programmed to be timers or to control a production line and much more.

FIGURE 3: FLOW CHART

5 SIMULATION RESULT

5.1 System Initialization

Figure 4 : LCD Initialization

5.2 System Real Time Parameter

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 1094

ISSN 2229-5518

Figure 5 :System real time parameter

[7] Qureshi, S. A; 24th Annual Convention of Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Pakistan (IEEEP), Hotel Avari, Lahore, Pakistan, (1994).

[8] Masoum M., Jafaraian A., Ladjevardi M., Fuchs E., and Grady W., Fuzzy approach for optimal placement and sizing of capacitor banks in the presence of harmonics, IEEE Transactions on Power delivery 19, 2004, pp.

822-829.

[9] Hsiao YT, Chang HD, Liu CC, and Chen YL., A computer package for optimal multi-objective VAR planning in large scale power systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1994, pp. 668-676.

6 CONCLUSION

The digital library is a system or design formed for a particu- lar task to know the current status of any device. Basically there are many more devices are available with this digital library. If one wants to find out the status generated by this particular device in a real time so that it is possible to measure real time parameter associated with this system.

REFERENCES

[1] I.S. Granger and S.H. Lee, “Optimum Size and Location of Shunt Ca- pacitors for Reduction of Losses on Distribution Feeders” IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst. Vol. PAS-100, no.3, PP. 1105-1118, (1981)

[2] T. M. Blooming, “Capacitor Failure and Fuse Operation Investigation and Analysis: A Case Study,” Power Quality ’99 Conference, Chicago, Illinois, November 1999.

[3] IEEE Std 519-1992, “IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems,” © Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 1993.

[4] IEEE Std 18-2002, “IEEE Standard for Shunt Power Capacitors,” © Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 2002.

[5] The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std C57.19.100-1995, “IEEE Guide for Application of Power Apparatus Bush- ings”, Março/1995.

[6] IEEE guide for application of shunt power capacitors, IEEE Std P1036/D13a available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=4040015.

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