International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 240
ISSN 2229-5518
Hyper spectral Video Data across Wimax
Networks
Assistant Professor & Student
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli - 627 012. Tamilnadu, India.
In this paper, we propose a novel scalable video broadcast/multicast solution, SV-BCMCS, that efficiently integrates scalable video coding my project is optimal resource allocation problem for scalable video multicast in 3G networks. We show that the system-wide video quality can be significantly increased by jointly assigning the channel resources for enhancement layers. Our solution strikes a good balance between the average and worst-case performance for all viewers in the cell. An efficient helper discovery scheme for viewers to obtain additional enhancement layers from their ad-hoc neighbors a few hops away. Also a multi-hop relay routing scheme is designed to exploit the broadcast nature of ad-hoc transmissions and eliminate redundant video relays from helpers to their receivers.
Keywords : Hyperspectral video data, across wimax networks
Mobile communication allows transmission of voice and multimedia data via a computer or a mobile device without having connected to any physical or fixed link. Mobile communication is evolving day by day and has become a must have for everyone. Mobile communication is the exchange of voice and data using a communication infrastructure at the same time regardless of any physical link. Mobile communication technologies not only benefiting businesses to perform their operation faster and efficiently but also raising the standard of human lives. Mobile communication or mobile computing is just the two different names for the ability to use the mobile technology while on the move, most of the portable computers and computing equipment which are particular for the use in stationary place or configuration.
The system-wide video quality can be significantly
increased by jointly assigning the Most existing solutions for video Broadcast Multicast Services (BCMCS) in 3G networks employ a single transmission rate to cover all viewers. The system-wide video quality of the cell is therefore throttled by a few viewers close to the boundary, and is far from reaching the social-optimum allowed by the radio resources available at the base station
As the capacity of wireless communication improves, several multicast applications like video conferencing and iptv have been developed. An important issue in these multicast applications is improving bandwidth utilization. In multicasting same data is transmitted to multiple subscriber stations. We can achieve this data transmission using unicasting also, but it requires difference channel to be established BS and SS. But in the case of multicasting a single channel can be used to transmit the data to different users as long as channel strength is good. Since SS has different bit error rates due to heterogeneous channel connection, all SSs in multicast tree requires different resource to receive same data. Adjustment the resource distribution will increase number of served SSs and improve resource utilization is difficult for multicasting. In WiMAX relay network in addition to MR-BS multiple RS are included to improve coverage distance. Since the inclusion of relay stations will increase the complexity of improving multicast resource utilization is less.
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 241
ISSN 2229-5518
• Traditionally, computationally complex transcoders are used by video servers to reduce the video coding rates in order to guarantee on time delivery of video data.
• However, in a hybrid network, real-time transcoding is not feasible on resource-constrained mobile devices, and thus we employ scalable videos for in-network video adaptation.
wimax multihop-relay network, in addition to a base station, multiple relay stations are used for enhancing the throughput, and improving the coverage distance of the base station. Multicasting is a more efficient method of supporting group communication than unicasting, as it allows transmission and routing of packets to multiple destinations using fewer network resources. Instead of enumerating all the possible choices to find the globally optimal solution, the proposed BGWA greedily makes the locally optimal choice based on the weighted value In our solution, video is encoded into one base layer and multiple enhancement layers using scalable video coding (SVC). WiMAX network comprises a base station (BS) and multiple subscriber stations (SSs) . The BS serves as a gateway to the wired network, while all SSs connect to the BS to access the Internet. However, under the IEEE 802.16j standard , a new type of infrastructure node called relay stations (RSs) is introduced. RSs forward data between the BS and the SSs both upward and downward to improve the system capacity and throughput. As the capacity of mobile devices improves, many multicast applications, such as wireless IPTV, Radio over IP, Video conferencing, and etc., are developed. The channel resources/bandwidth of the enhancement layers are optimally
Video query
SV-BCMCS
FORWARDING BASE STATION
DESTINATION
VIDEO ENCODING
LAYER 1: Adhoc relay
LAYER 2: Adhoc relay
LAYER 3: Adhoc relay
Scalable VIDEO
allocated to maximize the system-wide video quality given the locations of the viewers and radio resources available at the base station. In addition, we allow viewers to forward enhancement layers to each other using short-hop and high-rate ad-hoc connections.
• Our solution strikes a good balance between the average and worst-case performance for all viewers in the cell.
• Multicast applications is improving bandwidth utilization.
Multicast, LGT(Location Guided Tree construction algorithms and RDG (Route Driven Gossip).
In this paper, we study the relationship of the protocol state management techniques and the performance of multicast provisioning. For performance, we focus on protocol control overhead and protocol robustness. We are further interested in the following two questions.
1) Will the state constraining methods successfully reduce the protocol control overhead?
2) When the multicast service scales up vertically (in terms of the group size) and horizontally (in terms of the number of groups), how the scalability will impact the protocol performance?
In order to better address these questions, we present two hierarchical multicast routing solutions for MANETs. The first solution, termed as domain-based hierarchical routing, divides a large multicast group into sub-groups, each with a node assigned as a sub-root. Only the sub-roots maintain the protocol states, and are selected on the basis of topological optimality. Thus, we can have a more flexible control on the protocol state distribution. The second solution, termed as overlay-driven hierarchical routing, has a different way of building multicast hierarchy. Using overlay
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 242
ISSN 2229-5518
multicast as the upper layer multicast protocol, and stateless small
group multicasts as lower layer multicast protocol, this hierarchical multicast solution achieves protocol robustness, as well as efficient data delivery. These features make overlay multicast approach more suitable for the MANET environment.
channel resources for enhancement layers. Our solution strikes a good balance between the average and worst-case performance for all viewers in the cell. protocols, such as MCEDAR and
protocols reported in use another state constraining method. Only
Base Station
Relay
Upload Video Transfer Video
Analysis bandwidth capacity
Station Relay
a selected subset of nodes which form the virtual backbone of the
network get involved in routing. Thus protocol states are combined within the virtual backbone. The stateless multicasting protocols
• The simulation results have demonstrated the performance benefit, enhanced scalability, and low overheads associated with the proposed techniques.
Same quality video
receive
Station
Same quality video
receive
Relay
Station
Same quality video
receive
Station
• A comparative study of variations of our techniques is
also presented and the relative merits of these
techniques for different mobility and size of MANETs are analyzed.
• To develop a light-weighted but reliable multicast protocol for small groups.
It can be applied to the upper level multicast in the routing hierarchy to achieve better reliability in packet delivery
In SV-BCMCS, through SVC coding, video is encoded into one base layer and enhancement layers. Viewers who receive the base layer can view the video with the minimum quality. The video quality improves as the number of received layers increases. An enhancement layer can be decoded if and only if all enhancement layers below it are received. The multicast radio channel of the base station is divided into multiple sub-channels. Here a sub- channel stands for either a temporal or frequency division of the bandwidth. Different layers of video are broadcast using different sub-channels with different coverage ranges.
Station Station
To maintain the minimum quality for all viewers, the base layer is always broadcast using a sub-channel to cover the entire cell. To address the decoding dependency of upper layers on lower layers, the broadcast range of lower layers cannot be shorter than that of the higher layers.
It is assumed that all multicast users/nodes have two wireless interfaces: one supports a channel for video service, and the other
supports for ad-hoc data relay. The data rate of the ad-hoc network is set .
To provide the basic video service to all viewers, the base layer is always broadcast to the entire cell. The transmission ranges of the enhancement layers are optimally allocated to maximize the system-wide video quality given the location of the viewers and radio resources available at the base station. We develop analytical models to study the expected gain of few-hop ad-hoc video relay under random viewer distribution
Since each node has different channel qualities, the, i.e., acceptable modulation schemes and transmission rates may vary; therefore, it takes different amounts of resource for a sender to transmit a stream to different recipients. We define the resource requirement of are receiver as the total amount of resource required to receive the stream. If an SS needs an RS to relay the stream, the resource requirement includes the resource for transmitting.
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 243
ISSN 2229-5518
This phase starts when a source node, which is not a group member, wishes to join the group. It invokes a route discovery procedure towards the multicast group, through broadcasting a Join-request packet to neighbors. This packet contains the ID of the source node in a Source ID field, the multicast group ID in a Destination ID field, and a Sequence number field set by the source node. To eliminate the possibility of receiving multiple copies for a Join-request, each
node receiving a Join-request detects duplication through checking its multicast message duplication table. The major mismatch arises in the means of applying the source routing concept, which accumulates in the Join-reply packet during the reply phase instead of accumulating in the request phase. Thus, we eliminate channel and routing overhead.
Initially, a multicast receiver initiates the reply phase. A multicast receiver, when receiving a Join-request packet, first checks for stability among its neighbors including associativity ticks, signal strength, and link availability. Battery life is also checked considering consumed power needed to transmit to each neighbor. When these metrics satisfy predefined thresholds, the receiver selects the neighbor as FG node and sets it as a member in the Neighbor_Stability_Table.
In a pure SV-BCMCS solution, users closer to the base station will receive more enhancement layers from the base station. They can forward those layers to users further away from the base station through ad-hoc links. Ad-hoc video relays are done in two steps: 1) each user finds a helper in its ad-hoc neighborhood to download additional enhancement layers; 2) helpers merge download requests from their clients and forward enhancement layers through local broadcast.
The SV-BCMCS routing protocol runs after the greedy helper selection protocol and the optimal radio resource allocation. Assuming optimal radio resource allocation has been performed, the base station decides to transmit the layers with different rates. It will broadcast this information to every node in the cell. Moreover, in the greedy helper discovery phase, each node obtains the information for all the relay paths to which it belongs.
bailey.mpg tracking.mpg
A novel scalable video broadcast/multicast solution that
efficiently integrates scalable video coding, 3G broadcast and ad-
hoc forwarding is proposed. I have formulated the resource allocation problem for scalable video multicast in a hybrid
network whose optimal solution can be resolved by a dynamic
programming algorithm. Efficient helper discovery and video forwarding schemes are designed for practical layered video/content dissemination through ad-hoc networks. Furthermore, I analyze the effective distance gain enabled by ad- hoc relay, which provides insight into the video quality improvement made possible by using ad-hoc data relay. In the future, we will consider supporting relay networks with more hops. We will also try integrating the resource allocation scheme with scheduling algorithms and call admission control scheme to develop an integral resource allocation scheme for wireless relay networks.
1. P. Agashe, R. Rezaiifar, and P. Bender, “CDMA2000 High Rate Broadcast Packet Data Air Interface Design,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 83–89, February 2004.
2. J. Wang, R. Sinnarajah, T. Chen, Y. Wei, and E. Tiedemann, “Broadcast and Multicast Services in CDMA2000,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 76–82, February 2004.
3. “Third Generation Partnetship Project (3GPP2).” [Online].
Available: http://www.3gpp2.org/
4. H. Schwarz, D. Marpe, and T. Wiegand, “Overview of the Scalable Video Coding Extension of the H.264/AVC Standard,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1103–
1120, September 2007.
5. H. Luo, R. Ramjee, P. Sinha, L. E. Li, and S. Lu, “UCAN: A Unified Cellular and Ad-Hoc Network Architecture,” in Proc. of ACM MOBICOM, 2003.
6. H. Hsieg and R. Sivakumar, “On Using Peer-to-Peer Communication in Cellular Wireless Data Networks,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 57–72, February 2004.
7. J. C. Park and S. K. Kasera, “Enhancing Cellular Multicast Performance Using Ad Hoc Networks,” in Proc. of IEEE Wireless Comm. and Networking Conf. (WCNC), 2005.
8. R. Bhatia, L. E. Li, H. Luo, and R. Ramjee, “ICAM: Integrated Cellular and Ad Hoc Multicast,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 1004–1015, August 2006.
9. K. Sinkar, A. Jagirdar, T. Korakis, H. Liu, S. Mathur, and S.
Panwar, “Cooperative Recovery in Heterogeneous Mobile
Networks,” in Proc. of IEEE SECON, 2008.
10. C.-S. Hwang and Y. Kim, “An Adaptive Modulation Method for Multicast Communications of Hierarchical Data in Wireless Networks,” in Proc. Of IEEE International Conf. on Commun. (ICC), 2002.
11. J. Shi, D. Qu, and G. Zhu, “Utility Maximization of Layered Video Multicasting for Wireless Systems with Adaptive Modulation and Coding,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conf. on Commun. (ICC),
2006.
12. J. Kim, J. Cho, and H. Shin, “Layered Resource Allocation for Video Broadcasts over Wireless Networks,” IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1609–1616, November
2008.
13. P. Li, H. Zhang, B. Zhao, and S. Rangarajan, “Scalable video multicast in multi-carrier wireless data systems,” in Network Protocols, 2009. ICNP 2009. 17th IEEE International Conference on, 2009.
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 244
ISSN 2229-5518
14. D. Hu, S. Mao, Y. Hou, and J. Reed, “Scalable video multicast in cognitive radio networks,” Selected Areas in Communications,
IEEE Journal on, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 334 –344, april 2010.
15. T. Schierl, S. Johansen, A. Perkis, and T. Wiegand, “Rateless scalable video coding for overlay multisource streaming in manets,” J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent., vol. 19, no. 8, pp.
500–507, 2008.
16. S. Hua, Y. Guo, Y. Liu, H. Liu, and S. Panwar, “Sv-bcmcs: Scalable video multicast in hybrid 3g/ad-hoc networks,” in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009. GLOBECOM 2009. IEEE, nov. 2009
AUTHORS
1. Assistant Professor Dr. T. Arumuga Maria Devi Received B.E. Degree in Electronics & Communication Engineering from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli India in 2003, M.Tech degree in Computer & Information Technology from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India in 2005 and Worked as Lecturer in department of Electronics & Communication Engineering in Sardar Raja College
of Engineering and also received Ph.D Degree in Information Technology – Computer Science and Engineering from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli , India in 2012 and also the Assistant Professor of Centre for Information Technology and Engineering of Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. Her research interests include Signal and Image Processing, Multimedia and Remote Communication.
2. V.Senthilkumar a is an M.Tech student in Computer and Information Technology , Centre for Information Technology and Engineering of Manonmaniam Sundaranar University.
M.Sc.,(IT) (2012) from Lovely Bharathidasan
University, Trichy.
E-mail: vsenthilkumarmtech@gmail.com
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org