International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2013 1835

ISSN 2229-5518

Feasibility Study of Basalt Stone Tile a Case

Study

Sandeep B. Suryawanshi, Dhananjay S. Patil

Abstract— In this paper studied the properties of the basalt stone to fusibility of the basalt stone tile. Tests on basalt available in Kerli Tal: Panahala Dist.: Kolhapur of western Maharashtra will be done to convent range of properties suitable for stone tile manufacturing. In which Compressive (Crushing) Strength Test, Flexural (transverse) Strength Test, Density and Porosity Test, Water Absorption Tests do for now the raw material properties of basalt stone.

Study the various properties of basalt stone tile for its suitability in construction as construction material. Its properties also compare with other nature stone tile (i.e. marble, granite.) with respect to water absorption test, density and porosity test, abrasion test, flexural (transverse) strength test

Index Terms—Abrasion Test, Apprent Specific Gravity, Compressive Strength Test, Flexural Strength Test, Porosity Test, Water

Absorbation

1 INTRODUCTION

————————————————————
tone is a naturally available building material which has been used from the early age of civilization. It is available in the form of rocks, which is cut to required size and
shape and used as building blocks. Basalt stone has been used to construct small residential building to large palace and temples in Maharashtra. It is also used as construction materi- al for fort, temple, monuments, rajwadas, palaces and bridges etc. In modern construction industry use of basalt stone is be- ing limited for crushed stones, for the following uses.
• As a basic inert material in concrete.
• For making artificial stones and building block.
• As railway ballast.
Availability of basalt is large in Maharashtra. The Deccan bas-
alt province covers an area of about 5, 00,000 sq. km’s in west-
ern and central India.
Due to various applications of basalt stone as construction material if processed and converted in appropriate building material, say as tiles for cladding, flooring and paving will
1. Compressive (Crushing) Strength Test
2. Flexural (Transverse) Strength Test
3. Density and Porosity Test
4. Water Absorption Test
For the sample selection, physical properties of rock should be examined, damaged rock (due to blasting) should not be con- sidered for testing.

2.1Water Absorbation, Apprent Specific Gravity and

Porosity Test

TABLE 1

OBSERVATION TABLE OF WATER ABSORPTION, APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND POROSITY TEST FOR KERLI STONE SAMPLE

C =

B = Weight Quantity of

save lot of cost.

A=Weight of

water

Apprent

Water

Porosity=((

2 Raw Material Testing

Testing of rock is important for finding out properties of rock.

Sample

of oven -

saturated

added in

specific

gravity = A

Absorption

= ((B- B-A)/(1000-

The properties of rock are important in deciding its construc-

dry test

surface-dry 1000 ml jar

/ (1000 -

A)/A)

C)) X100 in

tion purpose. To ascertain the required properties of basalt stone the following test were conducted.
.———————————————

• SandeepB. Suryawanshi is currently pursuing masters degree program in M. Tech. Civil, R I T Sakharale,Dist. Sangli,Maharashtra state,India. (email:sandeepsuryawanshi111@gmail.com)

• Dhananjay S. Patil is currently Professor, R I T Sakharale, Dist. San- gli,Maharashtra state, India

(email: dhananjay.patil@ritindia.edu.in)

piece in g. test pieces

in g.

containing

the test

C) X100 in % %

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2013 1836

ISSN 2229-5518

2.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

Where,
W = the maximum load in kg supported by the test piece before failure

TABLE 5

OBSERVATION TABLE OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF KERLI STONE

SAMPLE AT SATURATED CONDITION

A = area of bearing face of the specimen in cm2. C = compressive strength.

Length

Sample in cm

Central breaking load

Average Average width in depth in

R=(3WL)/(2bd*d)

in kg/sq.cm

Average in

SAMPLE AT SATURATED CONDITION

3 20.5 1450 5.18 5.12 328.35

B) Dry Condition

TABLE 3

3. TEST ON TILE

To ascertain the required properties of basalt stone tile the following test can be conducted.
1. Water Absorption Test
2. Density and Porosity Test
3. Abrasion Test
4. Flexural (Transverse) Strength Test

3.1 WATER ABSORBATION, APPRENT SPECIFIC

OBSERVATIONTABLE OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR KERLI STONE

SAMPLE AT DRY CONDITION

GRAVITY AND POROSITY TEST

TABLE 8

OBSERVATION TABLE OF WATER ABSORPTION, APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND POROSITY TEST FOR KERLI BASALT STONE TILE SAMPLE

C =

B = Weight Quantity of

A=Weight of

water

Apprent

Water

Porosity=((

of oven -

saturated

added in

specific

Absorption

B-A)/(1000-

2.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST

Sample

dry test

surface-dry 1000 ml jar gravity = A

/ (1000 -

= ((B-

A)/A)

C)) X100 in

Length

Central

Average Average R=(3WL)/(2bd*d)

Average

3.2ABRASION TEST

Sample in cm

(L)

breaking load

in kg (W)

width in

cm (b)

depth in

cm (d)

in kg/sq.cm

kg/sq.cm

TABLE 9

1 20.4 1610 5.13 5.21 353.80

OBSERVATION TABLE FOR ABRASION TEST OF BASALT STONE TILE

2 20.4 1550 5.24 5.37 313.89

338.55

Initial t1

Final t2

Wear from thickness Initial W1 Final W2

3 20.3 1560 5.01 5.22 347.96

Sr. No mm mm

tv = t2 - t1

gm.

gm. tw mm

B) Saturated Condition

1 18.04 17.26 0.78 263.99 249.96 0.96

2 15.54 15 0.54 229.33 217.25 0.82

3 15.12 15.02 0.1 227.97 225.38 0.17

4 16.9 16.64 0.26 246.53 237.12 0.65

5 15.4 15.22 0.18 226.31 216.99 0.63

6 15.74 15.46 0.28 227.47 218.63 0.61

Avg. 0.36 Avg. 0.64

Max. 0.78 Max. 0.96

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2013 1837

ISSN 2229-5518

3.3FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST A) Saturated Condition

TABLE 10

OBSERVATION TABLE FOR FLEXURAL STRENGTH SAMPLE OF BASALT STONE TILE AT SATURATED CONDITION

1000

800

600

400

200

Saturated

Condition

Dry Condition

Length

Sample in cm

Central

breaking load

Average Average R=(3WL)/(2bd*d)

width in depth in

Average

Compressive Strength of Kerli Stone in kg/sq. cm

Fig. 2Compressive Strength of Kerli Stone

B) Dry Condition

TABLE 10

6. The flexural strength of the saturated specimen tested
= 338.55 kg/ cm2.
7. The flexural strength of the dry specimen tested =
291.71 kg/ cm2.

OBSERVATION TABLE FOR FLEXURAL STRENGTH SAMPLE OF BASALT STONE TILE AT DRY CONDITION

400

300

Length
Sample in cm

4. RESULTS

Central
breaking load
Average Average R=(3WL)/(2bd*d)
width in depth in
Average
in

200

100

Flexural Strength of

Kerli Stone in kg/sq. cm

Satureted

Condition

Dry Condition

4.1RAW MATERIAL TESTING

1. The apparent specific gravity of Kerli stone is 3.04
2. The water absorption of Kerli stone is 1.18 %

3. The apparent porosity of Kerli stone is3.59%

4 Sp. Gravity

Fig. 3Flexural Strength of Kerli Stone

4.2BASALT STONE TILETESTING

1. The apparent specific gravity of tile is 3.05
2. The water absorption of tile is 0.89 %
3. The apparent porosity of tile is 2.44 %

Kerli Stone

Water

Absorpation in

App. Porosity

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

Sp. Gravity

Water

Absorption in

App. Porosity in %

Fig. 1Apparent Sp. Gravity, Water Absorption, App. Porosity of Kerli Stone

4. The compressive strength of the saturated specimen tested is 558.84 kg/ cm2.
5. The compressive strength of the dry specimen tested is 931.40 kg/ cm2.

Basalt Stone Tile

Fig. 4 Apparent Sp. Gravity, Water Absorption, App. Porosity of Basalt

Stone Tile

4. Average wears i.e. loss of thickness tv is 0.36 mm.
Or tw is0.64 mm.
5. Max. Wear on individual tile tv is 0.78 mm.

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2013 1838

ISSN 2229-5518

Or tw is 0.96mm.

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

tv in mm tw in mm

mm for heavy duty tile average wear therefore the tile is good.

5. Max. Wear on individual tile specimen loss of thickness

(wear) of tested sample tv is 0.78 mm limit for the loss of
thickness (wear) of individual basalt stone tile was 2.5 mm for
heavy duty tiles wear on individual tile specimen therefore the
tile is good.

6. Max. Wear on individual tile specimen loss of thickness (wear) found out from loss of weight of tested sample tw is0.96 mm limit for the loss of thickness (wear) of individual basalt stone tile was 2.5 mm for heavy duty tiles wear on indi-

Avg. Wear

Loss of

Thickness

Max. Wear on

Individual Tile

vidual tile specimen therefore the tile is good.
7. The flexural strength of the saturated specimen tested basalt stone tile 34.88 kg/ cm2. Comparatively basalt stone tile is lower flexural strength than granite stone tile 40.48 kg/ cm2

Fig. 5Abrasion of Basalt Stone Tile

6. The flexural strength of the saturated specimen tested
= 34.88 kg/ cm2.
7. The flexural strength of the dry specimen tested =
35.39 kg/ cm2.Max. Wear on individual tile tv is 0.78 mm.

Or tw is0.96mm.

and higher flexural strength than marble stone tile 18.32 kg/
cm2 at saturated condition.
8. The flexural strength of the dry specimen tested basalt stone tile 35.39 kg/ cm2.Comparatively basalt stone tile is lower flexural strength than the granite stone tile 39.31 kg/ cm2 and higher flexural strength than marble stone tile 31.39 kg/ cm2 at dry condition.

9. As the rocks is available in plenty and have good physical

and mechanical properties, the stone selected from the case study site (Kerli) is suitable for tile manufacturing.

Flexural Strength of Basalt

Stone Tile in kg/sq. cm

Saturated

Condition

Dry Condition

6 REFERENCES

[1] A.A. Al-Harthi, R.M. Al-Amri, and W.M.Shehata.(1999), “The porosity and engineering properties of vesicular bas- alt in Saudi Arabia”, Journal of engineering geology, 54(1999),
313-320.Elsevier Sciences.
[2] Deolankar S.B., (1980) “The Deccan Basalts of Maharashtra,
India – Their Potential as Aquifers”, GROUND WATER.

Fig. 6 Flexural Strength of Basalt Stone Tile

5 CONCLUSIONS

1. Stone from Kerli Tal.: Panhala, Dist.: Kolhapur is having specific gravity 3.04 slightly higher (2.6 - 3), water absorption is 1.18 % also higher (0 – 1 %), and porosity is 3.59 % very high (0.1 – 1 %) than stated in IS 1123 – 1973, compression and flex-

ural strength of the stone is in the limit.

2. The apparent specific gravity of tile is 3.05 which is slightly

higher than the required. Average specific gravity of tested
sample of basalt stone tile is 3.05 but is in (2.6 – 3). Water ab-
sorption of basalt stone tile is 0.89 % which is in the limits (0 –
1 %). The apparent porosity of basalt stone tile is 2.44 % is be- low the limits (2.6 – 3 %).

3. Average wear i.e. loss of thickness tv is 0.36 mm limit for the loss of thickness (wear) of basalt stone tile is 2 mm for heavy duty tile average wear therefore the tile is good.

4. Average wear i.e. loss of thickness (wear) found out from loss of weight tw is 0.64 mm limit for the loss of thickness (wear) found out from loss of weight of basalt stone tile is 2

Vol.18 No. 5.
[3] IS 1121 (Part I) – 1974, Methods of Test for Determination
of Strength Properties of Natural Building Stone (Compres-
sive Strength) - Code of practice BIS, New Delhi.
[4] IS 1121 (Part II) – 1974, Methods of Test for Determination
of Strength Properties of Natural Building Stone (Trans- verse Strength) - Code of practice BIS, New Delhi.
[5] IS 1121 (Part III) – 1974, Methods of Test for Determination of Strength Properties of Natural Building Stone (Tensile Strength) - Code of practice BIS, New Delhi.
[6] IS 1121 (Part IV) – 1974, Methods of Test for Determination
of Strength Properties of Natural Building Stone (Shear
Strength) - Code of practice BIS, New Delhi.
[7] IS 1122 – 1974, Methods of Test for Determination of True
Specific Gravity of Natural Building Stone - Code of practice

BIS, New Delhi