International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, April-2014 28

ISSN 2229-5518

Evaluation of Ground Water Quality Of M. I. D. C. Area, Roha Through Water Quality Index Assessment

S. M. Tandale, Dr.H. A. Mujawar,Dr.P.B.Lokhande

Abstract— In present investigation an attempt has been made to investigate the water quality by means of Water Quality Index. Physi- cochemical analysis of ground water near industrial area Dathav, Roha, Raigad were carried out for one year. The values of PH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia except at G3 sampling site were within permissible limit. The values of parameters like electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity were above the permissible limit. The water quality index values showed that the quality of water is good.

Index Terms— COD, Dissolved Oxygen, Ground Water, Roha, TDS, Water quality, Water Quality Index

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1 INTRODUCTION

Ground Water is the ultimate, most suitable major source of fresh water for drinking, agriculture and industrial desires. Over burden of the population pressure, unplanned urbanization, unrestricted explo- ration policies and dumping of the polluted water at inappropriate place enhance the infiltration of harm- ful compounds to the ground water [1]. For evaluat- ing the suitability of ground water for different pur- poses, understanding of the chemical composition of ground water is necessary. Ground water contamina- tion process might take many years and might take place at a distance from the well where the contami- nation is found. Since the effect of ground water pol- lution persists for longer time than surface water con- tamination, the time required to flush out an aquifer is enormous as compared to few days required for flush- ing the river. The detection of ground water pollution is rather difficult unless the aquifer gets filthy because the ground water pollution takes a long time to be apparent.

2 Materials and Methods:

2.1Study Area:

The area is located around Roha industrial area in Dhatav village and Roha town. The three sampling sites are located in Dhatav village at different loca- tions. The fourth sampling site is located in Roha town at Dhavir temple. The sites are about seventy kilometers from Panvel city.

2.2Method:

The samples were collected for the three seasons namely, summer, monsoon and winter for one year.
The samples were collected in polythene container of
3 L capacity. The collection, transportation and preservation were done properly. The various water quality parameters such as, PH, electric conductance (EC), dissolved Oxygen (DO), Alkalinity, Total Hard- ness (TH), Total dissolved Solid (TDS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chloride (Cl), Turbidity, Sul- fate (SO4 ), Ammonia (NH3 ) etc were analyzed in la- boratory according to standard procedure (APHA)[11].
Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated by weighted index method to determine the suitability of ground water for drinking purposes.

3 Result and discussion:

3.1PH:

The PH value of water is indication of its quality. PH values usually changes due to contamination from industrial waste, carbonate and bicarbonate. The PH values for the samples are within the range of stand- ard limit.

3.2Electrical Conductivity:

It indicates mineral, geological effect and organic pol- lution. It increases as dissolved salt concentration in- creases. The conductivity values at three sampling sits are higher than the desirable limit.

3.3Total Hardness:

The total Hardness value of water is due to the calci- um and magnesium salts. The total Hardness values for samples are within the range of permissible limit.

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3.4Total Dissolved Solids:

Total dissolved solids values does not cause harm to human but higher concentration may cause heart and kidney dieses. Total dissolved solids values for all sampling sites are within the range of permissible lim- it.

3.5Dissolved Oxygen:

Dissolved Oxygen is important for sustenance of aquatic life. The values of Dissolved Oxygen for all samples were above the permissible limit.

3.6Turbidity:

The turbidity is due to existence of many types of pathogenic organisms. It is an indicator of pollution. All samples were having values more than standard limits. Water needs proper treatment.

3.7Alkalinity:

The source of alkalinity in water body is mainly due to weathering of rocks. The values of the present study lie well within the permissible limit.

3.8Chloride:

The presence of chloride is an indicator of organic pol- lution [5]. The presence of chloride in water body is mainly due to discharge of sewage, industrial efflu- ents and agricultural fertilizers [6].The values for all samples are well below the standard limit.

3.9Sulfate:

The sulfate in water is due to leaching of gypsum and other minerals. The values of the present study lie below the standard limit.

3.10Ammonia:

Ammonia accounted for the major proportion of total soluble inorganic nitrogen. The values of ammonia for all samples except G3 are within the permissible limit.

3.11Calcium:

The presence of calcium in water is mainly due to the dissolution of rocks. The values for calcium are within the permissible limit.

3.12Magnesium:

The magnesium hardness is due to the presence of sulfate ions in it. The values are within the desirable limit.

3.13Biochemical Oxygen Demand:

The amount of oxygen in water is from biochemically oxidisable carbonaceous matter [10]. The BOD values of present study are greater than 3 mg/L, which indi- cates that the quality of water is bad and it needs proper management.

3.14Water Quality Status:

The water quality index is found to be
G1 = 36.67, G1 = 45.43, G3 = 58.54, G4 = 39.72.
The water quality index for four sampling sites is less than 100 and in between 50 to 100 so quality of water is good.
The water Quality Index is calculated by following steps:

1. Calculation of Qn:

(Vn–Vi)

Qn=100 ×

(Vs–Vi)

Vn - Observed value Vs - Standard value Vi - Ideal Value
The value of Vi is Zero for almost all parameters
Except PH and dissolved oxygen
For PH Vi = 7
Dissolve Oxygen Vi = 14.6

2. Calculation of Wn:

Wn is calculated by using the equation- K

Wn =
Sn
K - Proportionality constant
Sn - Standard permissible limit for nth parameter

3. Calculation of K:

The value of K is obtain using the following equation-

1

K=

n 1

Σ (S1 +S2 +S3 +…….Sn )

i=1

Sn - Standard values

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4. Calculation of water quality index (WQI):

The WQI values are obtained from the Equa- tion given below-

n n

WQI = Σ Qn Wn / Σ Wn

i=1 i=1

Table: 1 Physico Chemical Analysis of Four Ground-Water Samples.

All the values are expressed in mg/L except PH, EC (μS/cm) and Turbidity (NTU)

Where, G1, G2, G3, G4 are Four Different Ground Water Samples in Different Areas.

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4 CONCLUSION

The physicochemical analysis of 13 water quality pa- rameters showed that the values of PH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfate, cal- cium, magnesium, biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia except at G3 site were within permissible limit. The values of parameters like electric conductivi- ty, dissolved oxygen, turbidity were above the permis- sible limit. The water quality index values at four sam- pling sites namely, G1 = 36.67, G1 = 45.43, G4 = 39.721 were below 50 except at G3 =58.54, means that the quality of water is good.

5 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors are thankful to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad (M.S.) for provid- ing facility in the Department of Chemistry to complete work.

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