Fig:1 working Diagram of Solar Vehicle
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 1004
ISSN 2229-5518
Experimental Investigation of a Solar Vehicle for
Poliomyelitis Effected People
Koteswararao.B,Ravi.D,Ashok Patil
Polio (also known as poliomyelitis) is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus that attacks the nervous system. Polio is a crippling and potentially fatal infectious disease. There is no cure, but there are safe and effective vaccines. Polio (poliomyelitis) is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. The strategy to eradicate polio is therefore based on preventing infection by immunizing every child until transmission stops and the world is polio-free. Poliovirus is acquired by faecal-oral or oral transmission. An eradication program me has reduced the number of reported polio cases worldwide by more than 99% since the mid-1980s. Most infections are asymptomatic; a small number cause a minor illness that is indistinguishable from many other viral illnesses; less than 1% result in acute flaccid paralysis. The extent of paralysis varies from part of a limb to quadriplegia and respiratory failure. Surviving paralytic polio can be a life-changing experience. Individuals may be permanently physically disabled to varying degrees. Others remember the fear and isolation.
Koteswararao.b is currently pursuing Masters Degree program in Thermal engineering in PYDAH College of engineering, India, PH-+ 91-9951045471. E-mail: basam.koteswararao@mail.com
D.Ravi is currently pursuing Masters Degree program in Thermal engineering in PYDAH College of engineering, India, PH-+91-9030222181.
Ashok Patil is currently working as an Associate Professior in sri chaitanya engineering college,india.PH-+91-9966110828
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one
in 200 polio infections will result in permanent paralysis. However, the disease has been largely irradiated thanks to the development of a polio vaccine. The most recent WHO poll, in 2010, reported only 1,352 cases of polio worldwide. (WHO).
Fluoride has been shown to have varying degrees of beneficial effects on bone mineralization and bone strength, despite its toxic effects on growth and leg disorders. Some studies have demonstrated an increase in bone ash resulting from F supplementation. The purpose of the present paper was to determine whether low levels of dietary F would have any beneficial effect on the bone strength and leg disorders of young chicks fed P-deficient diets.
One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis, usually in the legs. This is caused by the virus entering the blood stream and invading the central nervous system. As it multiplies, the virus destroys the nerve cells that activate muscles. The affected muscles are no longer functional and the limb becomes floppy and lifeless – a condition known as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP).This paper provides better life for the poliomyelitis and Florolasis effected people in the form of a vehicle.
We are reliant on one form of energy or the other for fulfilling our needs. One such form of energy is the energy from FOSSIL FUELS. We use energy from these sources for
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generating electricity, running automobiles etc. But the main disadvantages of these FOSSIL FUELS are that they are not environmental friendly and they are exhaustible. To deal with these problems of FOSSIL FUELS, we need to look at the NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES of energy. With regard to this idea we have designed a solar vehicle that runs on solar energy. The vehicle designed is a three wheel drive and can be used for shuttle and short distances. As these vehicles form the future of the automotive industry, we need to concentrate on improving their design and making them cost effective. This vehicle is an idea in this direction. Due consideration and attention is given to better maneuverability, effective use of solar energy, biomechanics and comforts, increased suspensions, all terrain traffic ability, ease of use etc. while designing this solar vehicle for physically disabled people we considered base height of vehicle, distance between passenger and handle, seating position and control of the vehicle with less manual effoert.
Those who are suffering from poliomyelitis and Florolasis in their legs or hand for that type of persons this vehicle well suitable.
Considering the overall prevailing situation, development of a solar three-wheeler for disabled people is a vital effort where solar energy and its advantages are taken into account. A solar vehicle could be a stand-alone system; it will be self-operated and independent in nature, using unending solar energy from the sun. It is powered by solar energy from at-attached solar panel at top, exposed to sunlight. It can take us off the grid; can be used in a place where there is no electricity.
To defeat the difficulty and the fault, this development
necessitates to do some make inquiries and study to develop improved technology. To create it achievement there are numerous thing that we need to know such as what will be the prime mover, how to stored it and the advantages of this new vehicle. In that case, these are the list of the intention to be conduct before persist to ensue on this plan:
To develop a vehicle that use renewable energy, eco friendly and economical.
To develop a solar vehicle that can charge the battery weather it is use or not in used.
To develop low speed solar vehicle, but for a longer distance.
We have visited to Nalgonda district, prakasam which is located in andhrapradesh state. The
Polio and fluoride effected people are lived and they are using manual operated tricycle. We are watching the most weakness physical handicapped person difficult to operate the tricycle. We think on the tricycle how would become easily operated by the aged person. In this way the Idea comes in our mind. Basically in India tricycle mostly used only the handicapped person. But in foreign country tricycle as the handicapped person is used as well as the non handicapped person is used.
To convert the solar energy to the electrical energy by using solar cells, then Converting this electrical energy to mechanical energy by using dc motor to run the vehicle.
To find the alternative of fuel.
To maintain the ecological balance.
To form the solar vehicle.
While designing this vehicle we take care of dimensions of the vehicle in form of length, width and height. The vehicle having length of 135cm, width of 100cm and height
115cm.we used square hallows pipes for making body
setup .On body we fixed seat, battery support and panel supporting rods. For solar panel, battery and seat support we used angular rods. Total weight of the loaded solar three-wheeler (with a person) will be 165 kg.
As a transport for the physically disabled people the overall safety, stability, reliability, control, comforts etc are a very much important and taken in to consideration while de- signing it. However, the general points of consideration during the designing of the solar three-wheeler are: simplicity, strength, stability, safety, corrosion and wear, weight, size, flexibility, ease of control, modularity, efficient extraction of solar energy, effective use of solar energy and energy storage, all terrain tires for all terrain traffic ability/mobility, increased suspensions, biomechanics and comforts and cost.
Table 1. Material cost Specification in Indian rupees
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Fig:1 working Diagram of Solar Vehicle
Table 2. List of components
The solar power system of the solar vehicle consists of solar panel (300W), MPPT solar charge controller, Lead-acid battery (12V-24Ahr.) etc. The typical solar power system is shown in Figure 1.
Normally the solar power captured by solar panel and that power passed through the power regulating device which supplies the power to motor and battery. When huge amount need more then available from sun then battery
power will be consumed.
V.I Solar Panel
The solar panel used in the solar vehicle is of the rating of
300 WP.
The main point that should be kept in mind while making a solar vehicle is the mounting of the solar panel. The Panel
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should be mounted in such a way that it receives maximum sun rays so that it gives its maximum efficiency. For the vehicle designed, we have mounted the solar panel in SOUTH-EAST direction during the time 6 AM to 11.30
AM.After that the panel is changed to a SOUTH-WEST direction. We have used the conventional roof-top mounting technique for the solar panel A 4.5 feet by 3 feet steel hallow frame has been used and mounted on the top of vehicle. The solar cell used in the vehicle is poly- crystalline. The reason behind using the multi crystalline cell is that it is more efficient than the mono-crystalline cell and the rate of conversion of energy is faster in the former.
48 cells are used in the PV module of this vehicle. The
upper frame of this solar module is covered with thick glass to avoid breakage of the solar panel.
3. Width ,mm:170
4. Height, mm:160
5. Weight kg:4kg
6. power: 12v 24 Amps
7. Length ,mm:60
8. Width ,mm:170
9. Height, mm:160
10. Weight kg:4kg
Fig.3.Batteries
Fig.2 solar panel
The prime mover to be used in this solar three-wheeler is a permanent magnet D.C. motor. The main reason for using this motor is that it is highly efficient and the flux density
A solar vehicle is the stand-alone system. To make practical use of the solar energy generated from solar panels, batteries are used to store the energy to meet up motor power requirement as needed at any time either in day or night. A 12-volt, 24 A-hr lead-acid four batteries are preferred and used here in solar power system as used in most of the PV systems. Main reason of using such lead acid battery is, it’s availability and comparatively cheaper cost
Battery specifications:
Battery specifications:
1. power: 12v 24 Amps
2. Length ,mm:60
does not decrease with time. It’s performance characteristics suite very well to the requirement of our solar three-wheeler. At standard load condition, the motor needs 250 Watts. This power will cover the required power needed to run the solar vehicle at a speed of 8 km/hr. If the load increases or the vehicle climbs up-ward slope, then the current will also increase and power output of the motor will also increase.
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Fig.4.DC motor
The solar module mounted on the top of vehicle is used to charge the batteries via charge controller. A 300 WP solar module is used with output ranging from 17 V to 38V at STC. The batteries are initially fully charged and then they are connected to solar module for charging. This helps to keep the battery charged always. This is also done as the efficiency of solar module is only 34%.Thus under this condition the battery gets fully charged again within 2.3hrs-
3hrs. Thus to keep the full sine wave of charging this time
In considering the physical condition of a disabled person, over all terrain condition, safety etc., the speed of the solar three-wheeler is set to 8 km/hr. This speed will ensure better stability as well as comfort for the user. Practically it is experienced and measured that the total force (F ) required for moving the loaded solar three-wheeler on smooth road is almost 10 kg. Here rear wheel diameter is
0.52 m; speed of the three-wheeler is 8 km/hr. So, wheel rpm and torque will be 100 rev./min and 15 N-m respectively. Finally required power is 250 W. If power loss due to chain drive is 10% then desired power requirement for driving the solar three-wheeler will be around 235W.
Fig: 5.accelerator
lap is made. The maximum solar radiations are obtained between morning 10am to evening 3:30pm. Hence the panel is so mounted that maximum output may be obtained. As the supply is given through dc-dc switch the motor takes a high starting current to propel the wheel to move in forward direction. On start the load on motor is nearly
250kg including the weight of person driving it. The motor
after start acquires the maximum speed of 10kmph to
20kmph. The batteries get charged always from the solar panel and so it provides the continuous run for the vehicle. The speed may be varied later according to the driver’s requirements. As the speed varies the load current also varies. So the speed variation must be low to keep battery alive for maximum duration of time. For stopping the motor, the speed control switch should be brought to minimum speed and then switch should be open; thereafter the mechanical brakes should be applied. The mechanical brakes can be applied instantly during emergency but this should be avoided as this could damage the motor and also produce unnecessary back emf. The average battery back- up is around four hours. The batteries are continuously charged by the solar panel.
Fig: 6. power controller
Fig: 7.DC-DC converter
The solar vehicles are the future of the automobile industry.
They are highly feasible and can be manufactured with ease. The main advantages of a solar vehicle are that they are pollution less and are very economical.
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Since they cause no pollution they are very eco- friendly and are the only answer to the increasing pollution levels from automobiles in the present scenario.
By harvesting the renewable sources of energy like the solar energy we are helping in preserving then non-renewable sources of energy.
The other main advantages of the solar vehicle are that they require less maintenance as compared to the conventional automotives and are very user- friendly.
Solar power technology is improving consistently
over time, as people begin to understand all of the benefits offered by this incredible technology.
Even though it runs by solar power few limits are there
The vehicle may not run more than 4 hours
without sun.
It will be compatible to only for two persons with
their minimum language.
Have to replace the batteries for every 3 to 4 years.
It may not run more than 350 inclinations.
The attempt made in fabricating a solar vehicle with the available indigenous material is successful. We can say that this is the best way for the people for their transportation those who effected by polio and fluoride. The working of the vehicle shows the indigenous infrastructure, well outlook and the capabilities of the wheel chair. The Recharging capacity of the panels is satisfactory. The desired functionality of the Steering Mechanism is achieved. The vehicle can provide an uninterrupted journey of 46 KM or it can travel up to 4 hours continuously.
This paper is based on a real time project carried out by the students of pydah college of engineering & technology, Kakinada studying M.Tech (Thermal Engineering) The vehicle was made possible with the help and guidance by Dr.V.V.R.L.S Gangadhar, Principal. The project had been completed by Koteswararao.b, D.Ravi & Ashok Patil
Fig:8. Final vehicle
2007.
54, October, 2009 .
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