International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, April-2014 1258
ISSN 2229-5518
Advanced Design Of Hybrid Vehicle
With Improved Materials
SURAJ BHARADWAJA TRIPATHY,SUBHAJYOTI PARIDA
Abstract-The enormous amount of gases emittted by the limitless amount of automobile has created an suffocating situation in the Morden day society.The rate of pollution by the automobile industry is so high that the harmfulll effect can not be prevented but it can be controlled.So a question arises here is that is it possible to make the entire automobile mechanism ecofriendly ? Is it possible to control the emission of poisionous gasses from the vehicles ?The only way that it can be done is through the hybrid vehicles.So in this paper the desine of an advanced hybrid vehicle with improoved materials is done.Here in this paper the hybrid vehicle is designed by means of the interaction between the mechanical linkage and electrical system.The advanced version of materials that can make the vehicle more effective and comfortable is mentioned in a detailed manner.
In the Morden society, the the use of vehicles has become an
essential part of the human life.The use of automotive vehicles,no doubt has made the transportation system more reliable,efficient and comfortable but the emition of poisonous gas is continiously destroying the enviornment.So to restrict the enviornment from being polluted by the automobile gas there is an urgent need for the vehicles to be echofriendly.So in this paper an advanced design of a hygrid vehicle is done with advanced curent sensing capability.
In this paper,an advanced steer material technology is used to make the hybrid vehicle more comfortable and reliable.A detailed research on the advanced materials
For the construction of the internal and external part of a hybrid vehicle.
The use of the hybrid vehicles had the following advantages
1.The minimum emition of gas
2.The minimum fuel consumption
3.Echofriendly
4.Use of renewable energy resource(solar cell is used here)
5.More reloable and comfortable
In this paper advanced steel design is used to make the vehicle metallurgically improved.
Here in this paper the concept of conversion of solar energy to the electrical energy is taken into consideration.Here in this paper rhe regenerative breaking principle is used along with the involvance of the gasoline engine.The designof the hybrid vehicle is designed by taking into consideration the minimum fuel consumption.The design and mathematical calculaiton of an advanced current sensor is mentioned here.
As per the block diagram drawn above,the gasoline engine has a power out put=300KW
The gasoline engine is directly coupled to the wheels.at the time of starting the normal petrol engine vehicle consumes more petrol than durin the working condition.So first the dc power is generated from the solar pv module.the mathematical expression of the solar output open circuit voltage=100v
The output voltage of the rectifier is then regulate using a step up chopper and the output of the chopper is connected to the battery that charges the battery to a vale of 100v.
The voltage output of the battery is again given to an inverter that converts the dc voltage to the ac value and that drives the traction drive.
The 100v dc is again stepped down to a value of 24v taken here and is used for extra purposes like light,sparking etc.
The current sensors are desined in such a way that they measurs the current accurately.
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, April-2014 1259
ISSN 2229-5518
A gap is created in a high - permeability soft - magnetic core for inserting the hall element.. The magnetic flux density B1, that flows through the Hall element, increases or decreases in proportion to the measured current (cables, etc.) Which move across the core. The Hall element output is entered to an operational amplifier and the output is connected to a feedback coil where feedback current flows through and the magnetic flux density B2 occurs. A feedback loop is formed to have magnetic flux density B2 equal to B1 .
I1 (A): Measured current value
N1(turn): Number of turns in the path of measured current
I2 (A): Current value flowing through the feedback coil
N2(turn): Number of turns of the feedback coil
With “equal ampere-turn law”,
Let I 1(A) = 100amp
N1= 1
N2=1000
From the formula we have
I1 (A) N1 = I2 (A) N2
I2 = (I1 ×N1)/N 2
The use of the of lightweight materials such as aluminium, magnesium, ceramic and carbon fibber. With an approximate of
100kg reduction in material used in the hybrid vehicles the fuel
efficiency can be increased.
Reduction of weight = 100 gruel saved=0.3 litre per 100
kilometre
Decrease in CO2=7.5gm per 100 kilometre
Reduction in weight = 70 kilo
Reduction in fuel = 20 litres per 100 kilometres
Replacement of the high tensile steel material by aluminium makes the hybrid vehicle comparatively lighter and has the above mentioned advantages.
Use of high tensile steel has the following consequences. Reduction in the emission of CO2 gas and increase
in the fuel efficiency.
I2 =( 1×100)÷1000
= 0.1amp
This means that 0.1(A) of feedback current flows through the
detected resistor, so the measured current I 1 is monitored correctly by measuring the voltages at both the ends of the resistor.
In the traditional braking system, brake pads produce friction with the brake rotors to slow
Down or stop the vehicle. Additional friction is produced between the slowed wheels and the surface of the road. This friction turns the kinetic energy of the car to heat. With regenerative brakes, on the other hand, the system that drives the vehicle does the majority of the braking. When the driver steps on the brake pedal of an electric or hybrid vehicle, these types of brakes put the vehicle's electric motor into reverse mode or reverses the terminal of the electric motor causing it to run backwards, thus slows the car's wheels. While running backwards, the motor also acts as an electric generator that delivers the current from the load to the source producing electricity that's then fed into the vehicle's batteries. These types of brakes work better at certain speeds than at others. So it has an advantages when the break is applied the heat energy developed by the regenerative breaking process,soon converts to the electrical energy.When the regenerative breaking doesn’t supply enough electric power ,then vehicle must
have a backup system.
To make the electric motor drive more effective the weight matter should be taken into consideration. here an advanced type of steel material is mentioned that
has a lower weight and make the electric motor drive more effective.
We begin the series with steel, which has been the material of choice since the earliest days of the industry, primarily due to its strength, formability, and relatively low cost. Some have suggested that we must move away from steel to achieve the new weight reduction targets, though two things are clear at the outset.
The yield strength of the advanced steel= 1500 to 1700 kilo Pascal. These new steels are designed using a combination of new formulations and alloys, as well as different processing and treatment techniques. The newest steels are not only stronger, but they also tend to be more formable
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, April-2014 1260
ISSN 2229-5518
Most vehicle’s current structures have been based on the grades of steel, and the strengths of steel . In essence, they work together with their OEM partners to redesign the structural load paths to take advantage of these higher strength steels, resulting in lighter designs.
This level of weight reduction, when used in conjunction with high-efficiency power trains, improved aerodynamics, and other advances, is sufficient to achieve the new mileage goals, as verified by the computer models used by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHSTA). That is without taking full advantage of all the weight-reduction opportunities arcelormittal has identified.
Steel is used to lighten body structure, closures, bumpers, and engine cradles. There are also opportunities for using steel in suspensions. Advanced bar steels can be used for making lighter springs and stamped high-strength steel suspension control arms, which, in many cases, match the weight of an aluminum control arm. Improvements in axles and drive shafts, using both advanced steels and multi-walled tubes, provide substantial weight reductions. Manufacturers also have done a great deal of work on doors so that they can now match the weight of an aluminum door.
The dual phase steels have an excellent strength that can be used in the hybrid vehicles. Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels bring these same properties to complex parts due to their high formability.
Here in this paper,an advanced hybrid vehicle is designed with the improved materials and advanced steel technology.
Further matter of concern is that the efficiency is appreciable but the future research is to be done regarding the speed of advanced hybrid vehicle.
Future research is to be done regarding the improved material
design used in the hybrid vehicle.The use of the advanced steel technology is to be modified to improve the outer construction
.The proper maintenance of the electrical equipments is taken into consideration. The development of the backup system that works when the regenerative breaking doesn’t store approvable power, should be taken into consideration.
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