IAME-2016 - INNOVATION & ADVANCEMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

IAME-2016 Conference Papers "

A STUDY OF CONVERSION OF WASTE URBAN MATERIAL (WUM) INTO ENERGY[ ]


The waste materials which are produced by living areas, households, commercial operations, institutional operations, industries and from many sources generally called as municipal solid waste or waste urban material.

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S-Shaped Patch Antenna for GPS applications[ ]


In this Paper Presents the result for different standard thickness values, and the result is performed by circularly polarized, S-shaped slotted patch antenna with a small frequency-ratio is proposed for GPS applications. The antenna has become a necessity for many applications in recent wireless communications, such as Radar, Microwave and space communication. The proposed antenna design on different shapes and analyzed result in resonant frequency will be 1.4GHz. A single micro-strip feed-line is underneath the centre of the coupling aperture ground-plane. The frequency-ratio of the antenna can be controlled by adjusting the S-shaped slot arm lengths. The measured -10dB return loss, bandwidths for the lower and upper-bands are 14% (1.093–1.186 GHz) and 11.5% (1.332–1.427 GHz), respectively, length vary from 4.5mm to 25.5mm and width from 4.5mm to 49.0mm. At 12GHz frequency and the tested result on IE3D SIMULATOR parameters are for X-axis -30.0mm to 30.0mm, Y-axis -22.25mm to 22.25 and Z-axis is still 21.524. After that results are verified and simulated, S-Parameter = -24.9db, Field Gain = 7.0dB, Directivity = 7.35dB, Efficiency for Antenna= 92.0%, All results shown are Simulated.

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Review of Multipass Extrusion of Ultra Low Carbon Steel: Mechanical properties[ ]


Ultrafine grained microstructure was produced by multipass deformation using the extrusion method from carbon steels. The extrusions with lateral pressure were repeated up to 10 passes without any rotation. Each sample was uniformly deformed by the side-extrusion, and the equivalent strain was produced 1.145 after a single pass of the extrusion. After 10 passes of extrusion an ultrafine grained steel with a tensile strength of over 980MPa a grain size of 0.5pm x 0.2pm was developed for the ultra low carbon steel. The uniform elongation in tensile test for the steels after multipass extrusions was very small, but the cold formability was very good. By the heat treatment, the uniform elongation has been increased.

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Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Bamboo-Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites filled with pine needle[ ]


In this work, an investigation was carried out on Eglass fiber/Bamboo fiber reinforced polyester composites filled with pine needle. The composites were fabricated by hand lay-up technique and the physical properties such as physical density as well as experimental density and % of void fraction and mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, impact strength and hardness of the fabricated composites were tested. The test results of these were compared with unfilled glass/ bamboo fiber composites. From the results it was found that the mechanical properties of the composites increased with the increase in filler content. Composite C5 exhibited maximum tensile modulus and hardness. Maximum impact strength was achieved composite C6

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Proxy Server and the Changing Nature of the Web[ ]


The use of proxy server could help provide adequate access and response time to large numbers of World Wide Web (WWW) users requesting previously accessed page. While some studies have reported performance increase due to the use of proxy servers, a study reported performance decrease associated with the use of proxy server. Due to lack of recently published scholarly article that test the performance of proxy server, we carry out an in-depth study of the behavior of a proxy server over a six month period. The result of the study showed that hit ratios of the proxy servers range between 21% to 39% and over 70% of web pages are dynamic. The study indicates the effectiveness of the proxy server and helps evaluate the tradeoff between money spent on higher bandwidth lower latency connections, versus the cost/performance of using a caching intermediary.

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Optimization of Sliding Wear Characteristics of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced With Silicon Carbide Particles[ ]


Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are widely used nowadays due to its low cost and higher performance as compared to un-reinforced metals. Recently composite become an interesting field of research, especially Al-SiC composite are being use in electronics, aerospace, automobile industries. SiC have high thermal conductivity, electric field breakdown strength, surface hardness and maximum current density due to these properties its composite are widely used in electronics based industries. In the present research work, experiments were conducted to find out the wear property of Al-SiC composite synthesized using two step mixing process with the help of stir casting. The specimens were prepared by using 5%, 10% and 15% SiC by weight in aluminum matrix and test the wear property of composites by sliding wear test. The optimum set of SiC % Vs load is obtained to minimize the wear. The focus on better wet-ability and gravity segregation of reinforcement with the aluminum matrix were also carried out with the help of a constant speed stirrer. The magnesium 5% by weight is added to enhance the wet-ability of particles with the matrix phase. The results obtained in this work were compared with the published literature.

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Demand based keys for e waste management[ ]


The radical revolutions accomplished in societies throughout the globe due to the utilization of electronics are far more profound and pervasive than the consequences of industrial revolution. The extensive use of electrical and electronic items has boosted business activities, created employment opportunities and thus it made communication easier. However, along with various advantages, it has brought many challenges, for example the rising problem of e-waste that have to be dealt with by society. The current age of electronics has made immense impact on human society and spectacularly enriched our connectivity across the world. This proposed research work presents the preliminary findings to identify the numerous prevalent means of managing e-waste in especially in India and reasons for exercising those approaches. It efforts to provide a concise vision into this relatively new conception of e-waste, its generation in our country India and the environmental and health affairs concerned to it. This also looks into the universal trade in e-waste and the international experience in this context. Taking into consideration of the future picture, it is essential that the reliable dealing of waste is done in an organized manner with sufficient resources and sustainable recycling technologies on the one hand and operative legislations and supervising procedures on the other. The electronic waste accumulation in the country if not disposed-off properly may become a serious challenge for the environmentalists and technologists in the coming future.

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Designing an Expert System for learning improvement[ ]


It is proposed that practical and team work related talent for students may be trained through discussions practices and reflection. An expert system can reinforce this approach by cyclically reminding the students to reflect on how they are, and how they should be, working together. This can have a significant improvement on their task performance.

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GK Tech. (Green Kitchen Technology) - A Power Lid[ ]


This study is focused on developing a device that will trap the waste heat from kitchen (cooking pot) and will convert it into electrical power, this technology is called GK Tech. (Green Kitchen Technology), &power harvesting device is called “Power Lid”. Millions of people all over the world doesn’t have the supply of electricity but they all do one common thing, they all cook their foods, this power crisis problem can be figure out with Power lid at the expense of waste cooking heat.

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GEAR SHIFT LOCKING & STAND POSITION INDICATING ENGAGEMENT OF TWO-WHEELER SIDE STAND[ ]


Gear shift locking & stand position indicating engagement of 2-wheeler side stand is a newly developed two wheeler’ side stand with some advancement & modification in the design of the current two wheeler side stand. This invention comes under the field of two wheeler side stand technology.

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Heat Transfer Analysis of Engine Cylinder Fins Having Triangular Shape[ ]


Indian two-wheeler market is the world's second biggest market. Among the three segments (motorcycles, scooters and mopeds) of the Indian two wheeler market, major growth trends have been seen in the motorcycle segment over the last four to five years due to its resistance and balance even on bad road conditions. In Indian motorcycles, Air-cooling is used due to reduced weight and simple in construction of engine cylinder block. As the air-cooled engine builds heat, the cooling fins allow the wind and air to move the heat away from the engine. Low rate of heat transfer through cooling fins is the main problem in this type of cooling.

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WITHOUT ELECTRICITY OPERATED MECHANICAL VEHICLE AC[ ]


Without electricity operated mechanical vehicle AC (WEOMVAC) is a type of newly developed mechanical mechanism which has existence especially for air conditioning system of automobile, railway & air transportation.

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LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEMS[ ]


This paper gives a brief view of Load Flow, classification of different types of buses, Load Flow equations and the various methods of solution of load flow problems. Moreover it tells us the comparison between different load flow solutions. Also the importance and objectives of load flow studies.

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A Review on Microstructure of Friction Stir Welded Joint[ ]


Friction stir welding is a solid state joining technique patented by The Welding Institute (TWI) in1991. New class of materials like metal matrix composites and difficult to weld materials can be easily weld by friction stir welding technique. A non-consumable tool made of harder material as compared to base material is used for joining operation. Semi-circular rings like milling process are formed on the upper surface of plates which makes contact with tool shoulder. Tool action greatly affects the microstructure of parent material. Frictional heating and stirring action of tool are responsible for total dynamic recrystallization in friction stir weld. Generally four zones are created by tool action in friction stir welding. Due to different microstructure all the four zones exhibit different properties. Selected parameters affect the microstructure of friction stir welding. This review represents the results of some researchers about microstructure before and after friction stir welding.

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ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF NON LINEAR DYNAMIC MOTION OF SPUR GEAR PAIR EXCITATION[ ]


Gears are widely used in almost each type of machineries in the industry. Along with bolts, nuts and screws; they are a common element in machines and will be needed frequently by machine designers to realize their designs in almost all fields of mechanical applications. These toothed wheels were used to transmit circular motion or rotational force from one part of a machine to another. Gears are used in pairs and each gear is usually attached to a rotating shaft. Spur gears consist of a cylinder or disk with the teeth projecting radically, and although they are not straight-sided in form, the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. Spur gears have a wide range of applications.

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PRESENTED BY-NARENDRA KUMAR YADAV[ ]


The finite difference method in conjunction with the least-squares scheme and the experimental temperature data is proposed to predict the average heat transfer coefficient and the fin efficiency on the fin inside one-tube plat finned-tube heat exchangers for various air speeds and the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and the tube temperature. Previous works showed that the heat transfer coefficient on this rectangular fin is very non-uniform. Thus the whole plate fin is divided into several sub-fin regions in order to predict the average heat transfer coefficient and the fin efficiency on the fin from the knowledge of the fin temperature recordings at several selected measurement locations.

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Study on Engineering Properties of Rudraksha (Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb.) for Design and Development of Agricultural Processing Units[ ]


Rudraksha (Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb.) exhibits multi-elemental (macro and micro elements) composition by virtue of which it is utilized in production of medicines, cosmetics, spiritual gems and number of activities. The use of Rudraksha is increasing with passage of time and its cultivation is started in plains. Earlier studies were based on pharmaceutical and chemical properties. Its physical and engineering properties were not studied yet which varies largely with climate, soil type and altitude. Present study is based on useful physical and engineering properties of Rudraksha green fruits and beads to extract useful information for design and development of grading system for value addition, conveying and milling units for design and development of processing units to satisfy global requirement of Rudraksha.

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A Review on Friction Stir Welding for Aluminium Alloy to Steel[ ]


Friction stir welding is a relatively new solid state joining process which locale a major role in different industry including the aerospace, automotive and manufacturing industry field to join aluminium alloy and steel that are hard to weld by fusion welding process. FSW has inspired researchers to join dissimilar materials such as Al Alloy to Steel which different in properties and sound weld with intermetallic compounds layer has been produced. The purpose of the development of this technique was to reduce the common issues associated with other joining mechanism such as fusion welding, brazing and soldering etc. In Friction stir welding, the energy input and distortion are significantly lower than in fusion welding technique, thus improve the welding properties and the resulting joints offers less distortion, less residual stresses, fewer weld defects. This paper reviews the work done in the above mentioned area and concludes by suggesting further scope for research in Friction stir welding.

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A REVIEW ON WELDABILITY OF CAST IRON[ ]


The problematic welding characteristics of the cast iron originate majorly from the high carbon content of the material. Upon welding and cooling, the carbon makes formation of various undesired microstructures possible, reducing the weldability a great deal in all regions related to welding. There are two possible routes for welding cast irons which are named as cold and hot welding. These two methods are primarily separated from each other according to the preheating temperatures ranges. In cold welding, the lower preheating temperatures are not sufficient for lowering the cooling rate to the desired values and hence formation of brittle phases as martensite and carbides are encountered. For these cases generally Ni based electrodes are used. Ni based fillers are weaker than steel alloys and yields higher ductility. Increased ductility suspends crack formation especially in case of martensitic transformation and additionally Nickel bonds with Carbon preventing formation of iron carbide. Despite these superior properties, Ni electrodes provide relatively lower mechanical properties with respect to steel. When cast iron weldments are required to be operated at higher stress values, filler materials with similar properties to base metal are chosen. In order to prevent the formation of possible brittle phases with such fillers, the preheating temperatures get increased and these processes are named as hot welding.

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FOOT STEP ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM[ ]


In this project we are produced electrical energy by pedestrian and moving vehicles on the ground surface by means of renewable energy generation method. As our country is a developing country so the renewable energy resource are very important at this time. The renewable energy using foot step impact load of human and vehicles is converted into electrical energy. The main motto of this mechanism is to create cheaper and better way of electrical power generation method, this system does not create any kind of pollutants so that we can decrease the most powerful effect greenhouse effect and power shortage so that we will get rid of the problem of power cuts. In this project the interchange of impact load due to the heavy weight into electrical energy by using simple rack-pinion gear drive mechanism because of its specification, linear motion can be converted into rotatory motion. In this project impact load is converted into electrical energy. The whole mechanism includes rack-pinion, gear mechanism, a shaft and dynamo. We can store produced electrical energy by the implementation of the combination of invertor and a battery.

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A REVIEW ON FOLDABEL HELMET[ ]


People ride bike for leisure, sport, and commuting purposes; therefore it is important to ensure rider safety in all areas. Bike helmets are important for rider protection, though they do have some inherent drawbacks. Storage of the helmet, when it is not in use, is one of the reasons why some riders choose not to wear head protection. A lightweight, collapsible helmet would assist in eliminating this market gap, allowing the user to store it in a bag, briefcase, or satchel. The goal of this project is to design a helmet that provides protection against head injury and is easier to store than current rigid helmets.

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Concept of Six Stroke Engine[ ]


The aim of the presented paper is to understand the latest trends in Internal Combustion Engine while maintaining its prime focus on six stroke engine. One of the most difficult challenges in engine technology today is the urgent need to increase engine thermal efficiency. The automotive industry may soon be revolutionized by a new six- stroke design which adds a second power stroke, resulting in much more efficiency with less amount of pollution. In six stroke the engine captures the exhausted heat from the four stroke cycle and uses it to get an additional power and exhaust stroke of the piston in the same cylinder. This heat is used to generate the steam from the water which is further used as a working fluid for the additional power stroke.

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A Comparative Analysis of AES and RSA Algorithms[ ]


Cryptography is an art or science of transforming an intelligible message into unintelligible one, and then retransforming that message back to its original form. Cryptography can also be used to authenticate the sender and receiver of the message to each other. There are two techniques of cryptography, symmetric key cryptography (called secret-key cryptography) algorithms and asymmetric key cryptography (called public-key cryptography) algorithms. AES is private key based algorithm and RSA is public key based algorithm. Both the algorithms are very efficient. This paper presents performance of both the algorithms as well as their comparison.

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A Review on working of Compressor Less Refrigerator[ ]


The impact of on-going progress in Science and Technology has created a variety of systems that can be used in the generation of power from Renewable Sources of energy and one of these is Solar Energy. The project which we have prepared utilizes either solar energy with the use of Thermoelectric Module and Photovoltaic Module for generation of energy or simply direct electricity which we further use for cooling and heating effect. It is basically a portable cooler which is mainly designed for the convenience of the travelling people and the militaries.

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Thermal Modelling Of Electrical Discharge Machining By Using Fem[ ]


A finite element model has been developed to estimate the temperature field and removal rate due to Gaussian distributed heat flux of a spark during EDM. The developed model first calculates the temperature distribution in the work piece material using ANSYS software. The results of the analysis show high temperature gradient zones and the regions of large stresses where, sometimes, they exceed the material yield strength. Results from thermal concern material removal rate be compared with the experimental values. And find out the effect on the creater surface.

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Thermal Stresses due to Electrical discharge machining on AISI4340[ ]


A finite element model has been developed to estimate the thermal stresses due to Gaussian distributed heat flux of a spark during EDM. The developed model first calculates the temperature distribution in the work piece material using ANSYS software. The results of the analysis show high temperature gradient zones and the regions of large stresses where, sometimes, they exceed the material yield strength. Results from thermal concern thermal stresses be compared with the experimental values. And find out the effect on the creater surface.

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Urban Informatics and Big Data Research[ ]


‘Smart Cities’ is a term that has gained traction in academia, business and government to describe cities that, on the one hand, are increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous computing. This paper focuses on how cities are being instrumented with digital devices and infrastructures that produce BIG DATA. Urban informatics plays a vital role in smart cities as it is the application of computers to the functioning of cities. In its narrower focus, it pertains to the ways in which computers are being embedded into cities as hardware and software so that the routine functions can be made more efficient. In its wider focus, it is concerned with the use of computers and communications to enable services to be delivered across many domains. The data volumes can be immense, larger than anything we have experienced in cities at present and these are currently referred to as ‘big data’. The sections of the paper provide a critical reflection on the implications of BIG DATA, Urban Informatics and Smart Cities.

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Walnut Shell Reinforced Composite: A Review[ ]


Natural fiber composite plays a vital role in aerospace and automobile industry. Owing to the advantage of easy availability and low weight natural fibers such as coir, flax, ramie, sisal, jute, banana, luffa cylindrica, bagasse etc. are often used. Natural fibers are light weight, renewable, non toxic, biodegradable, having high specific strength, low cost etc. In this review walnut shell powder is used to form a composite and its mechanical is discussed as the composition of the walnut powder is changed. Fiber and textile surface reinforced composite . materials are widely used in a broad range of usage fields. Defence industry, space industry, automotive industry, sea transport industry and sport materials are exemplary fields where composite materials are widely used.

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